Capital Budgeting Worksheet Essay

Read the scenarios below and select one to review and analyze. Determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability. For all scenarios, assume spending occurs on the first day of each year and benefits or savings occurs on the last day. Assume the discount rate or weighted average cost of capital is 10%. Ignore taxes and depreciation. Proposal A: New Factory A company wants to build a new factory for increased capacity. Using the net present value (NPV) method of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢Building a new factory will increase capacity by 30%. †¢The current capacity is $10 million of sales with a 5% profit margin. †¢The factory costs $10 million to build. †¢The new capacity will meet the company’s needs for 10 years. †¢The factory is worth $14 million over 10 years. Proposal B: New Equipment A company wants to buy a labor-saving piece of equipment. Using the NPV method of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢Labor content is 12% of sales, which are annually $10 million. †¢The new equipment will save 20% of labor annually. †¢The new equipment will last 5 years. †¢The new equipment will cost $200,000. Proposal C: New Advertising Program A company wants to invest in a new advertising program. Using the NPV method  of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢The new program will increase current sales, $10 million, by 20%. †¢The new program will have a profit margin is 5% of sales. †¢The new program will have a 3-year effect. †¢The new program will cost the company $200,000 in the first year.

Characteristics seen in Hamlet throughout the play Essay

I have been studying the text of Hamlet and the following characteristics are what he shows throughout the play. We see that Hamlet can be ‘Nationalist’. He is being nationalist when he is criticising Denmark and says it is a drinking country which is saying he does not trust them much. He is also like this when he says that Norway is robbing the land from Denmark, so this is then proving that Claudius is weak and so they might as well lose all their land. Hamlet is being very nationalist, when he says that Denmark is like a prison. This means that he feels as if he has no freedom to do what you want to do. Hamlet can be loving towards his friends and family easily, except to his uncle. He can be loving in a friendly way towards Horatio. He shows love towards his mother all throughout the play. He is being loving because he does not want his mother to flirt and have sex with his uncle so close after his father’s death. Hamlet says he is disgraced and when he confronts his mother in her bedroom, he asks her questions about his uncle. He then sees movements behind the curtains and thinks that it is his uncle who is too scared to face him, and so he draws his sword and stabs the person behind the curtain only to find out that it was Ophelia’s father (Polonius). He then plays around with his uncle and he acts as if he is mad and he will not tell him where the body is. I think Hamlet killed the person behind the curtain because he thought it was time to get revenge for his father, by killing his uncle. So this was the right thing to do, but only if he definitely knew who was behind the curtain in his mother’s bedroom. He is seriously in love with Ophelia, and both she and Hamlet admit their love for each other. Hamlet expresses his love for Ophelia on page 187 Act 5 Scene 1: â€Å"Forty thousand brothers Could not with all their quantity of love make up my sum. † Earlier on in the play, Hamlet shows his love for Ophelia his girlfriend. The second time he expresses his love for her was at her funeral. This was in front of everyone and then a fight ensued between Hamlet and Laertes. Ophelia shows her love for Hamlet on page 84(Act 1 Scene 3). She also tells everyone that Hamlet has said he loves her. Hamlet is very religious and he goes to a Protestant school in Wittenberg, but on the other hand he is a Catholic because when he is going to kill his uncle in a religious place he realises he will go to heaven. This was on page 144. Act 3 Scene 3: â€Å"Now might I do it pat, now ‘a is a-praying†¦ I, his sole son, do this same villain send To Heaven†¦ † We see that when Hamlet finds the ghost he is very shocked by it and yet he still does what it says. He tells his friends that it is real and to believe in it, which also proves he is religious. Throughout the play, he uses two different religions, which are found to be; Protestant and Catholic. Hamlet can be very sarcastic and intelligent in the play especially when Polonius asks him what he is reading, and he replies with â€Å"Words! † This then leads Polonius to start quizzing Hamlet on ting about him and Ophelia. Therefore, the answers that Hamlet gives Polonius he then goes and tells them to King. Due to the answers, that Hamlet has given leads to Polonius to say it proves that Hamlet is mad. So the King and Polonius set up a trap for Hamlet to fall into by getting Ophelia to ask Hamlet questions, but Hamlet plays smart and so he gives weird answers which leads people to think he is mad and then he uses it against his uncle at the end of the play. Hamlet is also intelligent when he is being sent to England by boat because he reads the Kings notes on what they have to do to him and then he changes the notes to what he wants them to say, so this is Hamlet playing smart. He then seals the envelopes, by using his ring to put an indent into the wax on the page so it looks as if it was from the King. The page where he finds out about the letter was; Page 153 Act 3 scene 4: â€Å"There’s letters sealed†¦ Let it work. † At this time, he was talking to his mother. Hamlet is also intelligent when he gets the actors to act out the death of his father. By doing this he can find out if his uncle is guilty or innocent. By doing this and constantly taking to the King, he is using his educated mind to find out the truth. Therefore, throughout this play we see that Hamlet can use a lot of emotions and characteristics. When Hamlet uses them, they are used with power and forcefully to make an effect on who ever he is talking to. He makes an impact most of the time except from when everyone thinks he is mad they just think that he is talking rubbish. His intelligence brings out the best in him especially when he gets the play put on for his uncle. So in my opinion Hamlet is smart and very intelligent.

Analysis Of Benjamin Franklin s Autobiography, The...

FRANKLIN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography is an inspiring tale of his personal, as well as public achievement throughout his life. Franklin’s life embodies the exemplary model of a life composed of discipline, self-reliance and self improvement. From his humble beginnings as an apprentice candle and soap maker in his father’s business to a successful business man, author, philosopher, civil activist, politician scientist, inventor, and diplomat, above all Benjamin Franklin was, and†¦ The man Benjamin Franklin eventually became a man of good character and willingness to accept others. However, as the story of Ben Franklin unfolds you see he was indeed just a man. A man found to be of the same fault and human flaw as us all to which we were born, and that is into sin. Franklin as well as all people fell short. God told us in his word long before Ben Franklin ever existed. Romans 3:23 states â€Å"for all have sinned and fall short of the Glory of God.† (NIV). Franklin did prove however†¦ and esoteric essence of his own existence. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is an account of Franklin’s life experiences that taught him a deal of self-righteousness, virtue, self-actualization, knowledge and wisdom. Franklin recalls many past, powerful instances of his life that have influenced the ethical and intellectual development. The memoir also represents various events that built his keen interest in literature, linguistic and writing. Moreover, it also unfolds various historical events†¦ Instructor: Course: Date: Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin An autobiography is the life history of a person that is written in a book and the history is written by the same person. Autobiography mainly centers its focus on the times and life of the person writing it. The autobiography nature is very subjective and therefore the writer should be able to recall memories promptly so that incorrect and false information should be avoided. Some autobiographies are fictional whereby people write the†¦ become what we want to be, I was surprised. I began thinking about what I could do as a semester long project in which I could set a goal and record my progress. I had read Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography a few months earlier and I remember him writing about a personal program that he had developed for himself. Benjamin Franklin was fascinated with the idea of perfection, and diligently tried to achieve it while he was here on earth. His method of self improvement he called â€Å"The Art of Virtue†. What†¦ In the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin written by Benjamin Franklin has the story line of his life. He explains how the political life in the 1700’s and how he learned from his experiences. One of the virtues Benjamin Franklin has is being humble, shown throughout all of his writing. The writing style he uses is very formal and addresses his audience with very different occasions. Having been from a big family he started in the workplace at an early age. Working for his father’s business took†¦ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin’s life made a huge impact on the history of America. He also was an influence for many citizens. Since Franklin lived during the eighteenth century, a period of growth for America, he also played a part in the political founding of the United States. To help future generations, Franklin wrote an autobiography of his life. An autobiography is a piece of literature about someone’s own life. He separates his into four parts, each one depicting†¦ The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin explains the life of this amazing man in history. I this autobiography it focuses on the revolution years as one may expect to learn from this biography about Benjamin Franklin’s; origins, family and all the decisions and events that lead him to become the grandfather of the American nation. Due to the deep description of the situations that Benjamin Franklin went through and the different cities that he visited in this autobiography, draws a visual idea of†¦ Benjamin Franklin, a well rounded American adept in many fields, once said, â€Å"either write something worth reading or do something worth writing† (Benjamin). Although this quote presents a false dilemma, Franklin chose a third option in which he did something worth writing and then wrote about it in his autobiography. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin is a different beast in its literature. Unlike most books, and possibly most autobiographies as well, Franklin’s autobiography†¦ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin was not an easy book to read. Writing styles have changed tremendously since the 1700’s. Despite the cultural differences I learned a lot about the man and the time. Benjamin Franklin was a remarkable man. He was a printer, author, politician and an inventor. He was one of fifteen children in his family. Because he was from such a large family he was sent out to work at a very early age. He only had a few years†¦

Elementary statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Elementary statistics - Essay Example What can you conclude from Chebychev’s theorem about the percentage of  adults in the town whose heights are between 59.7 and 72.9 inches? Show all work. 5) Find the z-score corresponding to the given value and use the z-score to determine whether the value is unusual. Consider a score to be unusual if its z-score is less than –2.00 or greater than 2.00. Round to the nearest hundredth if necessary. Combinations and permutations are concepts related. The central difference is the order. For example, in a permutation the order is important. The same set of objects, but taken in a different order will give different permutations. In a combination, we select objects from a total of , but the order is no longer required. (Spiegel, 2000) Assume that a procedure yields a binomial distribution with a trial repeated n times.  Use the Binomial Probability Formula to find the probability of x successes given the probability p of successes on a single trial. (5 pts) normal distribution: The normal distribution is the curve that resemble a bell curve and it is referred to as Gaussian distribution. Normal distributions are symmetrical with a single central peak at the mean of the data. standard normal distribution: Standard normal distribution is a special case of the normal distribution. It is distribution that occurs when a normal random variable has a mean , and a standard deviation

Jansons idea of an Image made by Chance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Jansons idea of an Image made by Chance - Essay Example pp16) Mantegna finds that an affirmation for accidental images or image made by chance leads to a denial of the classical heritage.2 (Gamboni, Dario, pp27) The cloud images in his work show different representations, such as the horse man in the top left-hand corner in his Saint Sebastian of 1459. Janson is of the view that the horse man appeared while the artist was painting the cloud and was retained as a â€Å"visual pun† in accordance with classical theory, but he did not take it to its final complete rendering because of mismatch with his work. (Gamboni, Dario, pp27) This image is most unremarkable and left incomplete in order to retain the contours of the cloud which has primacy in his schematic theorization. An image made by chance finds difficulty in acceptance as a work of art when taken in the context of the definition, that all art springs from a purposeful activity. When we look at a work of art as the image of chance, it necessitates that we attach to it divinity or a supernatural force which has shaped it or else support its existence based on an individuals imagination. In classical times, the chance images were mainly of three kinds-those found in the rocks, clouds and blots. Plinys Natural History tells of an image of Silenus chanced upon when a block of Parian marble was split open with wedges. (Page 341, Volume 1(XXXVI, v) In describing another work by Protogenes, (XXXV,x) and another painter Neacles, a great deal of emphasis is placed on the â€Å"strokes of luck† which made their work possible to achieve. In the Middle Ages the chance images were used more in theological writings than in artistic pursuits.3 Anslem of Canterbury (Cur Deus homo, ed. F. S. Schmitt, Darmstadt [1960], p. 16) compares arguments to â€Å"figments painted on clouds† (Page 343, Volume 1) By the end of the Middle Ages several relics were the only instances where chance images were given prominence, save for some works of art such as the Nativity scene from Germany,

Trade union density has undergone significant decline since 1979 Essay - 3

Trade union density has undergone significant decline since 1979 - Essay Example A few decades ago, the trade unionism in the United Kingdom used to be very vibrant. Almost all the workers in both the public and private sectors were represented in the trade unions in UK (Blyton and Tumball, 2004). The trade unions had a huge representation of male workers who worked in the mass production industries. However, from 1979 trade union density in the country began to drop according to Blyton and Tumball (2004). Before this unfortunate decline, statistics show that membership in the trade unions considerably high; during this time, more than half of the entire workforce in the UK belonged to one form of trade union or another. This is stark contrast to the situation today when the trade unions only have 26% of UK workers as their members (Labour Force Survey Report, 2006). The private sector only contributes a mere 12% of its workforce as members to trade unions in the UK. The same statistics show that the majority of union workers are those who are in the public sector. Very few part time employees enrol in any of the unions. According to Butler’s (2005) analysis, there are fewer men than women in the most trade unions. Workers from across the country, regardless of whether they were working in public or private organizations were all affected by this decline. There are a number of factors that led to the decline of trade union membership in the private and public sector and they will all be discussed in this paper. The decline of trade union membership density in the UK started to be felt after Margaret Thatcher took over the premiership in 1979. Though her leadership is not the sole reason for the decline, it played a major role in not preventing the decline of trade unions in the United Kingdom. Right after Thatcher became the Prime Minister of Britain, there were several civil unrest cases throughout the whole country according to Butler

Destination marketing strategy- patagonia Essay

Destination marketing strategy- patagonia - Essay Example in the previous assignment, however the hard adventure segment has shown promising growth over the past 5 years in a global perspective (Adventure Travel Trade Association, 2013). This makes Patagonia a lucrative business proposition for tourism companies. The customers who are considered as the hard adventurers are mostly looking for challenging tours in places with hostile environment. Such people will strong appetite for adventures will get strongly attracted to Patagonia, owing to its extremely cold environment (U.S. Commercial Service, 2012). Despite of the strong potential of Patagonia as a destination place, there are significant issues with the location. The TWOS matrix conducted in the assignment presentation clearly indicates towards the issues with the health and safety concerns owing to the poor regulations. Moreover, in Patagonia high quality accommodation cannot be expected and at the same time language problem is always a problem. However, while targeting at the hard adventurers, these issues may not pose as drastic challenges as it might to the soft adventurers. This is mostly because the hard adventurers more attracted towards challenging situations. Thus it can be stated that Patagonia can be a potential tourist destination for hard adventurers. This section focuses on the strategies that are appropriate for attracting the target customers. The target customers selected for the Patagonia tourism are the hard adventurers. Before designing any strategies for attracting the target customers, it is imperative to have detailed discussion regarding the behavioural and psychological aspects of the customers (World Tourism Organization, 2007). The global tourism can be divided in to two definite segments, one is for the soft adventurers and the other is for the hard adventurers. The soft adventurers include average tourist who are enthusiastic to see new places and gain new experiences about a particular region and its culture. These individuals usually

Developing a Database System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing a Database System - Essay Example Retailers involved in the sale of PCs are also included for data source. Vendors are another source of data for designing of a database for PC Store. Sales reports kept in manual registers or files are the significant data source for PC Stores database design. Regarding the audience of the inventory management system linked to sales order system include the staff of inventory management, order placement staff, invoicing department, sales management, suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. Requests made by sales department on specific forms are verified by the inventory management staff. Required numbers of items or parts are processed by the order placement staff. Sales’ department collects the customers’ requirements on a specific order forms. Managers manage the day to day activities and analyze the reports and head the meetings to solve the issues. In order to build the inventory management system, information about every product of PCs, customers on every outlet are required to be managed. Customers’ information contains the attributes of name, address, phone number, email, and past transactions. Company can rank its customers on previous purchases of company’s products (Kotler et al., 2009). Product as an entity of database includes information about product name, date of arrival of product, color or model, price, and manufacturer information. It becomes easier to search the information about a product from model, price range, or date. When all data sources have been identified then a developer starts designing the database. Customer, vendor, sales department, suppliers, manufacturers, product, employees; staff and manager are necessary tables. These tables have relations such as customer to sales department, employees to sales department, suppliers to product etc. Some of the constraints like primary key, foreign key and candidate key are also used for tables. After all tables are created, and relations established, then a developer requires

A conceptual framework can be easily developed for accounting Essay

A conceptual framework can be easily developed for accounting. Critically evaluate this statement and provide examples to illustrate your answer - Essay Example Solomons emphasized that the accountants must not distort the financial statement to favor one or more parties to the detriment of the other equally interested parties (Solomons 1996). A conceptual framework can be easily developed for accounting. The prior pen and pencil manual recording of business transaction has metamorphosed into the current software based recording of business transactions. FASB and IASB published Conceptual frameworks as guides for the preparation of financial reports. The WorldCom, Enron, and other accounting scandals have precipitated to the U.S. Sarbanes Oxley Act. Presently, there is a move to harmonise the U.S. conceptual framework and the U.K. conceptual framework (King 2006). Interested parties contribute their inputs to increase the ease in formulating the conceptual framework of accounting. A conceptual framework serves as a guide in the preparation of accounting report. A conceptual framework can be easily developed for accounting. Further, the conceptual framework is a group’s painstaking endeavor. Persons and groups from different fields of interest meet to share their opinions, suggestions, comments, and criticisms during the proposal to create a new conceptual framework. Each party will try to make the finalized concept benefit its needs and wants. Finally, a compromised version is approved by a majority of the conceptual framework making group. The approved conceptual framework is then published in accounting journals and explained in the latest accounting textbooks. The companies, especially those listed in the London stock exchange, will incorporate the latest approved conceptual framework in the preparation of its financial statements. Furthermore, accounting is grounded on a conceptual framework. The conceptual framework is to present a fair and true accounting of the daily business operations of the company. Accounting is the language of business. Thus, different parties use the

China in the World Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

China in the World Economics - Essay Example This is because China holds the key to regional cooperation and integration in East Asia. Thus, facilitating the projection of the EU's soft power to East Asia could become a priority for the new EU member states. The policy of the EU towards China is a multilevel engagement policy. Furthermore, it is a mixture of bilateral and multilateral approaches.2 This partnership is not strategic in the military sense. Yet, the issue of the lifting of the European arms embargo against China indicates that hard security issues have entered EU-China affairs. The Premier of the State Council of the PR China, Wen Jiabao, has coined the term 'comprehensive strategic partnership'. Wen defines the term in the following way: "By "comprehensive", it means that the cooperation should be all-dimensional, wide-ranging and multi-layered. It covers economic, scientific, technological, political and cultural fields, contains both bilateral and multilateral levels, and is conducted by both governments and non-governmental groups. By "strategic", it means that the cooperation should be long-term and stable, bearing on the larger picture of China-EU relations. It transcends the differences in ideology and social system a nd is not subjected to the impacts of individual events that occur from time to time. By "partnership", it means that the cooperation should be equal-footed, mutually beneficial and win-win. ... Politically, they share much in common as both belief in multilateralism, pursue democracy in international relations and work for safeguard the authority of the United Nations. China's integration into the global economy will further accelerate with its recent accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Numerous key sectors of China's burgeoning economy, such as banking and finance, are being forced to open up and liberalize, regardless of whether they are prepared. Beyond economics, China is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, possesses intercontinental-range nuclear weapons, and has become gradually more active in a host of regional and multilateral organizations. There is considerable debate about the size of China's economy relative to that of other economies. The value of Chinese exports has increased rapidly in recent years, and it is now the world's third largest goods exporter after the US and the EU.4 The total value of China's goods exports in 2005 was $762 billion, nearly 10% of the world total, compared with $593 billion in 2004, an increase of 28.4%. It has also become the world's largest importer, with goods imports valued at $660 billion, or 8.2% of the world total. China's trade in goods surplus was $102 billion for the whole of 2005 (4.6% of GDP), more than triple the previous year's surplus of $32 billion (1.7% of GDP).5 In spite of all such impressive figures, development is certainly not peaceful in China at present and the dangers inherent in political and economic decentralization are many. China's rapid economic growth, its increasing competitiveness and its growing goods exports have raised concerns in the EU and the US.Ã ‚  

Patton-Fuller Hospital Essay Example for Free

Patton-Fuller Hospital Essay Patton-Fuller Hospital is a community hospital that has remained aiding the community since the year 1975. Yearly examinations have been conducted by self-governing audits to review this years financial performance in comparison to preceding years. The financial statement review highpoints the alteration between the audited and unaudited reports classifies the association amongst revenue resources and expenses, despite the fact defining the assets of revenue sources on recording. Financial statement assessments subsidize an excessive level accounting of the statistics controlled in the audit. Financial statements of audited and unaudited statements contain the same type of statistics. Patton-Fuller Community hospital conducts audits agreement with auditing ethics in the United States. Self-governing Auditors ensure audited the balance sheet of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital as of December 31 of 2009 and 2008. The audited balance sheet reports the assets for 2009 which a sum of $587,767. The audited balance sheet reports the whole assets for 2008 of a total $548,535. The upsurge from 2008 to 2009 is 39,232. Liability total for 2009 is $ 462,153. The liability volume for the year 2008 is $213,450. This was a rise from 2008 to 2009 and the amount of the growth is $248,703. The entire equity and liabilities for 2009 is $587,767 and 2008 $548,535. This is an upturn from 2008 to 2009 with $ 39,232. In 2009 the total revenues show for $ 462,982 and then for 2008 $ 42,314. This total increase from 20o8 and 2009 is $41,668 according to the audited revenue and expenses annual report. The increase of $25,869 from 2008 to 2009 is shown from the audited revenue and expenses annual report. The year 2009 had $463,293 and 2008 had $437,424. The effects of revenue can be seen on the financial reporting by the fluctuations versus the expenses. From year to year you can see the fluctuation in revenue for the hospital. The revenues and expenses are grouped together by total revenues, total expenses, and net income. The total revenues include net patient revenues and other revenues. The total expenses include salaries and benefits, supplies, utilities, and depreciation. The net income shows the non-operating income (loss) as well as the investment income. By grouping the revenues and expenses it will help with separation and looking at the reports. The Patton Fuller Community Hospital’s revenue comes from a  variety of sources, this includes net patient revenue and other different types of revenue. The revenue has definitely increased from 2008. When comparing the revenue received by the hospital to its operating expenses the difference lies in what revenue items are included in each ratio formula. In 2008 the total operating revenue is less than the total operating expenses therefore; the hospital operated at a loss and gave them a negative operating margin. In 2009 the total operating revenue exceeds the total operating expenses therefore; the hospital had a profit that year. As a result there was a positive operating margin. The way in which a hospital’s revenues and expenses are grouped for planning and control varies from hospital to hospital. At Patton-Fuller Community Hospital, the expenses are grouped by salaries and benefits, supplies, interest, and a lot more. During salaries, the staff of the hospital must be paid for the work they do. Members of the staff (therapist or surgeons) have a highly qualified job in which they have spent more time in education which causes them to have higher wages. During benefits, there are hospitals who offer benefits for the employee and their family with a discount. This can be very expensive for the hospital. The hospital needs supplies in order to fulfill their duty and many of the supplies are expensive as well as cheap. Because the hospital has to order the supplies in large quantities, it becomes very expensive. Interest is another expensive thing that the owners of the hospital have to deal with. With the hospital building costing so much, it leads to the owners taking a big mortgage out to pay for the building. When a mortgage is being taking out, interest develops. Another reason for an interest to develop is a loan to buy high price technology or machinery. There are many ways that Patton- Fuller Community Hospital grouped for planning and control for revenues and expenses. Inclusive the analysis of the financial statement originate many constructive results and the audited information and unaudited information enclosed the equivalent data. The revenue sources ensured a confident influence on the hospital and will lead to forthcoming development. Patton-Fuller Hospital Revenue review did not disclose any concealed problems. Financial managers need to carry on making assessments of the daily actions. Reference Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. Retrieved July 14, 2014 from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Healthcare/PFCH/isoverview.asp?subgroup=hr

Displays the result Essay Example for Free

Displays the result Essay To improve legibility the comments are displayed to the right of every TOM line of code, and not in the standard style. read keyin Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin load keyin Loads data from the store location keyin in to the accumulator sub minus Subtracts the store location minus from the accumulator store display Stores value in accumulator in the store location display print display Displays contents of the store location display on the screen stop Stops program execution minus data. 1 Initialises a store location minus with the value 1 in it keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it 2. Write a TOM program that reads a number from the keyboard, multiplies it by 2, reads another number b from the keyboard, multiplies it by 3, and then displays the result. In other words, evaluate 2*a+3*b. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the accumulator mult val1 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val1 store display Stores value in accumulator in the store location display read keyin2. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin2 Loads data from the store location keyin2 in to the accumulator mult val2 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val2 add display Adds the store location display to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution val1 data 2 Initialises a store location val1 with the value 2 in it val2 data. 3 Initialises a store location val2 with the value 3 in it keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it 3. Write a TOM program that displays two numbers, entered from the keyboard, in descending numerical order. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 read keyin2. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the accumulator sub keyin2 Subtracts the store location keyin2 from the accumulator jifz lower Transfers control to the instruction lower if the zero flag is set print keyin1 Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen stop Stops program execution lower print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen print keyin1. Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it 4. Write a TOM program that reads a number N from the keyboard and displays the sum of all integers from 1 to N i. e. 1+2+3+ +N. read keyin. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin loop load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator add one Adds the store location one to the accumulator store sofar Stores value in accumulator in the store location sofar add total Adds the store location total to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator sub keyin Subtracts the store location keyin from the accumulator jifn loop. Transfers control to the instruction loop if the sign flag is set print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it one data 1 Initialises a store location one with the value 1 in it sofar data 0 Initialises a store location sofar with the value 0 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it Alternatively, a more mathematical approach would be to use the below program. Observing the numbers inputted and outputted from the above program, I was able to find a relationship between the two numbers, this can be summarised by the below formula: (N x 0. 5) + 0. 5 x N = TOTAL The program using the above formula is simpler to write, uses far less processor cycles, and therefore far more efficient. read keyin Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin load keyin Loads data from the store location keyin in to the accumulator mult val Multiplies. the accumulator by the store location val add val Adds the store location val to the accumulator mult keyin Multiplies the accumulator by the store location keyin store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it val data . 5 Initialises a store location val with the value 0. 5 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it TOM2 1. A mobile telephone company, Odear, makes a monthly standing charge of i 12. 50 and charges 5 pence per local call. Write a TOM program that reads the amount of calls made and displays the total monthly bill. read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution total data. 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 2. Expand your program of (1) so that the program jumps back to the beginning, ready to calculate another bill instead of ending. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate. Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 3. Whats wrong with the program in (2)? The program has no way of ending (normally), and will therefore loop continuously. 4. Modify (2) so that if the user enters 0 for the number of units the program terminates. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator sub check Subtracts the store location check from the accumulator jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set mult rate. Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it check data 0 Initialises a store location check with the value 0 in it 5. Now modify (4) so that the user can tell the system how many bills to calculate and the program terminates after running that many times. read billnum Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing. Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start. Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it 6. Finally, modify the program of (5) so that the user can first enter the price per unit, and the standing charge. Read rate Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location rate read standing Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location standing read billnum Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing. Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start. Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 0 Initialises a store location standing with the value 0 in it rate data 0 Initialises a store location rate with the value 0 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it Modifications in TOM2 In question 1, the program initialises four store locations; rate to store the standard call rate of 0. 5, standing to store the standing charge of 12. 50, calls to store the number of calls made and total to store the total bill. The programs reads a value inputted by the user (number of calls), multiplies this value by the call rate, adds the standing order and displays it. Question 2 introduces a loop after the total has been displayed to the start of the program so that user may calculate another bill, this however is not ideal as there is no correct way to terminate the program normally. Question 4 combats this problem by allowing the user to enter 0 to terminate the program. This is done by introducing an additional store location called check with the value 0 assigned to it. The program subtracts check from the number of calls entered, if the result is 0 (0 0 = 0) then the zero flag is set, the jifz statement then transfers control to the end of the program, where it terminates normally. Question 5, in addition to the store location used in question 1 introduces two more; billnum to store the number of bills required and billsub, a store location containing the value 1. The user initially enters the number of bills required, this is stored in billnum, the program then calculates the bill in same way as question 1. After the bill has been displayed, the program subtracts billsub (1) from the number of bills, if the result is zero (ie no more bill to calculate) the zero flag is set, and using the jifz statement jumps to the end of the program. If the zero flag is not set (more bills to calculate) the program is looped back to enter more bill details. Question 6, allows the user to enter the standing charge, rate of calls and number of bills before the bills are calculated, these are stored in their respective locations (standing, rate and billnum) before the program continues to execute in the same way as question 5. CSO Tutorial 4 Exercise 2. 1 We wish to compare the performance of two different machines: M1 and M2. The following measurements have been made on these machines: Program Time on M1 Time on M2 1 10 seconds 5 seconds 2 3 seconds 4 seconds Which machine is faster for each program and by how much? For program 1, M2 is 5 seconds(or 100%) faster than M1. For program 2, M1 is 1 second (or 25%) faster than M2. Exercise 2. 2 Consider the two machines and programs in Exercise 2. 1. The following additional measurements were made: Program. Instructions executed on M1 Instructions executed on M2 1 200 x 106 160 x 106 Find the instruction execution rate (instructions per second) for each machine running program 1. Instructions executed = Instructions per second (instruction execution rate) time(seconds) M1 200000000 = 20000000 10 = 20 x 106 Instructions per second or 20 Million Instructions per second M2 160000000 = 32000000 5 = 32 x 106 Instructions per second or 32 Million Instructions per second Exercise 2. 3 If the clock rates of machines M1 and M2 in Ex 2. 1 are 200 MHz and 300 MHz respectively, find the clock cycles per instruction (CPI) for program 1 on both machines using the data in Ex 2. 1 2. 2. Clock rate = clock cycles per instruction (CPI) Instruction execution rate M1 200000000 = 10 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 20000000 M2 300000000 = 9. 375 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 32000000 Question 4 Draw a full flowchart of the final TOM program produced at the end of exercise TOM2. This should include all the instructions, loops and all the program labels in the appropriate places.

Economic Growth and Standards of Living

Economic Growth and Standards of Living International Marketing Tehniat Zafar Is it possible for an economy to experience economic growth as measured by GNP without rise in standard of living? Discuss. Ans: A Nation’s â€Å"GNP† Gross National product is the total amount of its economic production and resources. On the other hand, The Gross National Product amount in no way specifies the method in which this wealth or money is circulated in the economy. There are many cases in â€Å"under-developed† states like 1% of the inhabitants may or would control 80 % of the wealth as there is a large income disparity and unequal distribution of wealth. Therefore, however the economy may develop and the amount of GNP will escalate significantly. It is not necessary that the largest ratio of the people may experience an appropriate increase in their standard of living because population rate is so high in these nations. Population growth is one major problem. Nevertheless, total national income might significantly rise because there will be more workforce. The average per capita GNP will decrease if population growth is tremendously great because there is a large amount of income disparity among people. GNP measures the economic condition of the country that how the economy is towards growth. Acording to an assumption: All other things equal, A rise in GNP will read to an increase in the standard of living people aswell. Vice versa that if a nation increase its standard of living their GNP rate will increase aswell. One benefit public can benfit from higher growth rate is that the will be consuming more goods and services and it is also an economic assumption that consumption is related to utility and higher consumption in terms of theory there is greater level of prosperity. Higher growth rates results in higher tax revenues and when the tax revenues will increase the government can spend more on siginificant services like health, roads, education. It is a known fact that improved health can also lead to improved standard of living and better educational standards can promote literacy and development as education is a significant tool of welfare and prosperity. If a country’s growth rates are high the unemployment rate will also decrease as there will be more jobs. As employment is a major reason of social problems and issues but structural unemployment like due to technological changes will not decrease. Law of Diminishing returns is an economic theory, which means that the tenth unit of a good will give much less satisfaction than the first one. For example if we already have two luxury cars, will our living standards actually recover if we now have the ability to own three cars now? Frequently as economic growth expands earnings, people progressively save their wealth as this is basically because they fight to find whatever expressive to devote their wealth on and which is suitable for them Economic growth can also increase pollution. Global warming side effects are becoming a significant problem for the society. On contrary to it high economic growth can be used develop better techniques to lessen the effects of pollution and pollution itself. As there is a large amount of income disparity and unequal distribution of wealth high economic growth can cause more increased inequality because educated people will get more benefit and illiterate people will not get as much benefits as compared to educated people. Higher economic growth results in higher incomes and wages of people and because of that the crime rate increases aswell because crime is not basically related to poverty it is mostly related to theft, as you can see in the late 50’s or 60’s technological gadgets like mobiles phones and tablets were non existent and in today’s world these gadgets are the ones which mostly get stolen and these thefts are higher now. Higher growth rate will affect standard of living as the people will start to work more hours thus disturbing their personal life. They will get higher incomes but they wont be having enough time to spend it with their family with peace. As the economic growth will increase many diseases will increase aswell as you saw that in today’s standard of living obesity is a common disease as people have money and increased prosperity they avoid doing work themselves or even to cook food for their self so they just go out buy all tha fast junk food which later result in many new diseases in them. It’s a proven fact that when an economy’s growth rate rises the income increases aswell money is more available to people through employment oppurtunities when the economy is powerful people spend more money and consume more products. As a country develops, income arises, population growth shifts, expectation for a better life gets high, people’s demands arise. Economic rapidness affects the consumer behavior and in every dynamic economy consumer and consumption patterns change rapidly High standards of living is directly related to rapid economic growth as the workforce of economy will expand and they will produce more and the public will consume more so it’s a direct relationship that as production will increase consumption will increase aswell. Labor productivity increases with increasing growth rate, increased productivity helps the economy in the long run to a much greater extent then it hurts the labour force. As the productivity upsurges, so do the sum of goods and marketplaces open. Likewise, as products turn out to be less lavish, due to more well-organized manufacture techniques, the amount demanded for some of those goods also upsurges. Low developed countries are more benfited with high growth rates because they are more in need of it as developed countries. High economic growth help the nation to deal with many crucial problems of poverty, unjustice, basic facilities etc. We cannot say that economic growth is destined to bring unhappiness in fact we have to connect the potential of economic growth to make sure it really does increase the living standards of the inhabitants. A country which lacks productivity will have lower wages and income as compared to countries with higher productivity levels. High standard of living demand prosperity and for prosperity the proper system of health, care, nutrition and life expectancy must be assured. The more prosperous an economy will be the more his citizens will healthy and fit and in this way they will work for their nation more efficiently. We cannot say that prosperity stays stationary. As an alternative many nation’s over time become or less affluent. An economic boom may or may not bring prosperity to that country. Higher livings standards basically benefit majorly all the inhabitants of an economy a rapid increase in labor supply will result in labor demand aswell thus minimizing the chances of unemployment. High growth economy lead to high incentive so when the living standard of the population will increase people will more like to invest more because of the incentive the economy is offering and this will improve their standard of living more. If we take a look at the history 1950 or 1960 in USA’s rapid high growth resulted in inquality which resulted in a decrease in standard of living. Consequently, we analysed some benefits and drawbacks of economic growth for our living standards and we can observe that there is no a particular answer to that question that whether standard of living is affected with rapid growth rate or not, but I think that economic growth hints to upsurge in living standards of the people because the high economic growth can solve the most crucial and significant problems with learning and well-being or depletion of goods, products and services and these things are far more vital than an disparity or lengthier working hours for labour and working class.

Overview of The First Red Scare :: essays research papers

In the early part of the twentieth century, Americans feared and fought against the principles of the Bolsheviks. Few Americans today even know what the â€Å"Red Scare† was, let alone fear these ideas. However, many of the basic Bolshevik ideas are alive and well in the United States. Citizens of the United States are beginning to accept and even believe in many principles that the Bolshevik Revolution was all about, including eminent domain, loss of freedom of speech, loss of privacy, and income redistribution in the form of very high tax rates. The textbook years for the Red Scare were from 1917 to 1920, but there were important events before 1917 that preceded the Bolshevik Revolution. â€Å"The first â€Å"reds† were those Americans who supported the French Revolution at the end of the eighteenth century.† (Hoyt, 11) The first Marxian socialists to come to the United States were German immigrants who began arriving in 1848. They slowly began to change the labor organization, and over a few years the Socialist and Communist parties were born. In 1901, all Americans were made aware of left-wing radicalism after an anarchist named Leon Czolgosz assassinated President William McKinley. â€Å"No more was needed to make Americans fear and hate the very words â€Å"anarchist,† â€Å"radical,† â€Å"red† and â€Å"socialist,† all of which they lumped together†. (Hoyt, 13) All of these events culminated in creating a certain fear in Americans from these groups. The climax of the fear of radicals, and the start of the Red Scare was when in November 1917, when the Russian Revolution took place. Earlier that year, there were only 11,060 Bolsheviks in Russia, yet five months later they managed to seize power. When American began to understand this concept, they were all struck with fear. Americans did not want to go back to a controlling government that they had just escaped by coming to America. The Red Scare began because of several bombs that were mailed to many people. These bombs were constructed so that when the person receiving the bomb opens their package, they will be greatly injured, or killed. There were about thirty bombs sent through the mail, and only about five were actually opened. These bombs were addressed to important people like John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, commissioners of immigration and many others. Bombs were the physical scare to people, but inside, Americans were â€Å"nervous that reds could get into the government and control the people.

Prefrontal Cortex :: Neurology Brain Medical Essays

Prefrontal Cortex The prefrontal cortex is the most anterior portion of the frontal lobe. It responds mostly to stimuli signaling the need for movement, however it is also responsible for many other specialized functions. It receives information from all sensory systems and can integrate a large amount of information (Kalat 2004). Studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex is responsible for working memory. Working memory is defined as "the information that is currently available in memory for working on a problem" (Anderson 2005). The prefrontal cortex (PFC) also controls behaviors that depend on context (Kalat 2004). For example, if my cell phone rings when I am at the mall or grocery store I would answer it. If it rings while I am at the movies or in class I wouldn't answer it. People with frontal lobe damage often exhibit inappropriate behaviors due to the inability to recognize context. Other studies indicate that the PFC is also responsible for regulating emotions and decision-making. A study was conducted in which participants were presented with three dilemmas. One dilemma was called the Trolley Dilemma: a trolley is headed toward five people standing on the track. You can switch the trolley to another track killing only one person instead of five. Subjects were asked to decide between right and wrong. Brain scans of the participants show that contemplating the dilemmas activates the prefrontal cortex and other areas that respond to emotion (Kalat 2004). Sustaining a lesion to the prefrontal cortex produces a wide variety of side effects. The effects range from minor to severe. You can get a lesion by head trauma or stroke (CJ Long 2005). Possible deficits associated with minor lesions of the prefrontal cortex: - Inability to respond quickly to verbal instructions - Speech dysfluency - Disturbances in understanding complex pictures or words - Difficulties with problem-solving - Deficits in complex tasks requiring inhibition of habitual behavior patterns With more extensive lesions the person experiences greater behavior deficits. These deficits include: perseveration, which is the inability to make behavioral shifts in attention, movement and attitude, decreased creativity, poor recall of verbal and nonverbal material, difficulty writing, and deficits in comprehension of logical-grammatical constructions (CJ Long 2005). Other effects of extensive lesions: - easily distracted - disturbances in memory - defects in time sense - decreased anxiety - less critical of oneself - difficulty with unfamiliar analogies - impulsivity

We Need Gun Control Laws to Ensure Public Safety Essay -- Argumentativ

We Need Additional Gun Control Laws to Ensure Public Safety On April19, 1999, 7-year-old Nafis Jefferson was shot and killed with a .44-caliber revolver, a Rossi Model 720, while playing with friends along a street in his South Philadelphia neighborhood. Children found the gun stashed under an abandoned car parked along the street. One of the children, also a 7-year old boy, picked up the gun and fired it, hitting Nafis in the head. Nafis died six hours later at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.  Ã‚   This is an excerpt from a press release on 4/17/2001 (www.gunlawsuits.org).   Ã‚   Our world today has altered immensely since the days of Adam. It is a perfect example of the maxim "survival of the fittest.'' Due to the captivating media, the revolutionary Internet and the cutthroat competition for winning the rat race, human contact is diminishing rapidly. The center to prevent handgun Violence filed a suit on 18/4/2001 against Amadeo Rossi manufacturers and others who were involved with the sale and distribution of the weapon. The lawsuit contends that the weapon possessed inadequate safety measures and that the gun was illegally distributed. The question arises will this measure bring Nafis back to life? Will this alleviate Tennille Jefferson's pain of her son's untimely death? Laws are structured and implemented to benefit the masses. Unfortunately this objective is  Ã‚   not always achieved. The constitution of the states is considered the best work of law yet it is unable to save the life of a child. Clearly the problem of violence is turning more into a socio-cultural and psychological problem than a legal one. However laws still need to be implemented justly in order to preserve the freedom and rights of me... ...cts) * Since 1992, the number of criminals sentenced for state and federal offences has increased from 20,681 to 25,186 over 25% increase. * The number of higher-level offenders has gone up from 1049 to 1345. * The number of inmates in Federal prisons on firearm or arson charges has increased by 51% The statistics and the stated facts are evidence that more gun control measures are required for the safety and peace of the society.   Law abiding citizens do not need arms.   For them the rule of law and justice is enough. Works Cited Retrieved from the World Wide Web (April 28, 2001) www.gunlawsuits.org Retrieved from the World Wide Web (April 28, 2001) www.handguncontrol.org/facts Retrieved from the World Wide Web (April 28, 2001) www.handguncontrol.org/press Retrieved from the World Wide Web (April 28, 2001) www.nraila.org/grassroots

Statement of Facts

This case in Fenton, Missouri involves 17 yrs. old Christopher Simmons born in 1993. Charles Benjamin and John Tessmer were Christopher Simmons friends and accomplices. Christopher Simmons planned and committed a capital murder along with Charles Benjamin. The plan was to commit burglary and murder by breaking and entering, tying up Shirley Crook, and tossing her off a bridge. The three boys met at 2am in the morning however, Tessmer then dropped out of the plan. Simmons and Benjamin broke into Mrs. Crook's home, bound her hands and covered her eyes. They put Mrs. Crook in a minivan drove her to a state park and threw her off a bridge. Once the case was brought to trial court, the evidence was solid and overwhelming. Simmons had confessed to the murder, performed a videotaped reenactment at the crime scene, and there was testimony from John Tessmer against him that showed premeditation. After the crime Christopher discussed the plot in advance and later bragged about the crime. After 2 hours of investigation Christopher broke down and confessed. At trial the State introduced Simmons confession and the videotaped reenactment of the crime, along with testimony that Simmons discussed the crime in advance and him bragging to fellow classmates about it later. The defense called no witnesses due to the evidence and confession. The jury having returned a verdict of murder, the trial proceeded to the penalty phase. The jury returned a guilty verdict. The jury recommended a death sentence in which the trial court imposed despite Christopher not having a criminal background. The State charged Simmons with burglary, kidnaping, stealing, and murder in the first degree. Simmons was 17 at the time of the crime. He was outside the criminal jurisdiction of Missouri’s juvenile court system. Charles Benjamin and was 15 years old and John Tessmer was 16 years old. The State later charged Tessmer with conspiracy, but dropped the charge in exchange for his testimony against Simmons. The jury recommended the death penalty after finding the State had proved each of the three aggravating factors submitted to it. Accepting the jury’s recommendation, the trial judge imposed the death penalty. Defense counsel reminded the jurors that juveniles of Simmons age couldn’t drink, serve on juries, or even see certain movies, because â€Å"the legislatures have wisely decided that individuals of a certain age aren’t responsible enough. Defense counsel argued that Simmons age should make a huge difference to the jurors in deciding just exactly what sort of punishment to make. Procedural History At eh age of 17, Christopher Simmons along with partner Charles Benjamin planed and killed Shirley Crook. After, he turned 18 he was sentenced to death. Christopher processed a direct appeal and subsequent petitions for state and federal post convictions relief but was rejected. Simmons filed a new petition for state post convection relief arguing that Atkins v. Virginia reasoning established that the constitution prohibits the execution of a juvenile who was under the 18 when he committed the crime. The Supreme Court agreed in favor of Simmons and abandons the death sentence in agreement of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Issues Does the Eighth Amendment prohibit the execution of juveniles who commit capital crimes prior to turning 18 years of age? Arguments For Roper * Currently, juries are very careful when they decide whether a 16 or 17 year old should be given the death penalty. When sentences are made, the jury considers the defendant’s age and other relevant information. Since only one juvenile has been executed in Missouri, this shows that juries only use the death penalty for the worst offenders. * Since 1989, only Indiana, Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming have changed their laws to make it impossible for 16 and 17 year olds to get the death penalty. The previous amount of states was not enough show the nation agrees on this issue. * The Supreme Court case that ruled against using the death penalty for the mentally retarded Atkins v. Virginia should not be compared to this case. Sixteen and seventeen year old offenders should not be placed in the same category with the mentally retarded. Juries should decide in each individual case whether a juvenile was mature enough to take responsibility for a crime. * Some crimes are so horrible that the death penalty is the only appropriate sentence. It is better for society to remove the worst criminals with the death penalty. Using the death penalty will also discourage other youth from committing crimes. Arguments For Simmons * In many cases, juries are overwhelmed by how horrible the crimes are that some juveniles commit. It is a problem, then, for juries to consider the maturity of a juvenile in each individual case, because the crime itself may make it difficult for the juries to be fair. The juries may get distracted by the crime and not consider the offender’s age as an explanation for the crime. * A national consensus has developed in which the majority of states do not support the use of the death penalty for juveniles. Currently, 30 states prohibit the juvenile death penalty, and 12 of those states have banned the death penalty completely. In addition, since 1989, five states that previously allowed the juvenile death penalty have banned its use. Most other countries in the world disapprove of using the death penalty on juvenile offenders. The United States is one of the only countries in the world that still allows the execution of juveniles. There is a clear global opinion that the death penalty is too strong a punishment for offenders under the age of 18. * There is research that shows that adolescents do not have the maturity and judgment necessary to fully weigh decisions and control their impulses. Brain research shows that the brain is not fully developed until adulthood. Our society has decided that age 18 is an important turning point. The majority of states do not allow people under the age of 18 to vote, serve on juries, or marry without their parents’ permission. It makes sense then that 18 should also be the age when a person can be held fully responsible for committing a crime. Judgment The United States Supreme Court judgment in the Roper v. Simmons cases ruled in favor of Simmons. The United States Supreme Court said, â€Å"that sentencing a minor to death was indeed cruel and unusual punishment and voided against the 8th amendment†. The United States Supreme Court overturned the ruling that was established in Sanford v. Kentucky case that took place in 1989, in which the court decided that minors could be subject to the death sentence only if the charges warrant execution. Christopher was sentenced to life in prison with out the possibility of parole. Holding The Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments forbid obligation of the death penalty on offenders who were under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed. Supreme Court of Missouri affirmed and the United States overruled the Atkins v. Virginia case and Simmons original sentence. Rule Of Law Or Legal Principles Applied The 8th amendment is prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Any amendment is an unchanging statue. Therefore the case itself or whatever the ruling is has to change if proven justified. Reasoning The Missouri Court voted 6 to 3 that he should receive the death penalty. They believed if he was older and committed murder it would just get worse f rom there. The lawyers argued that this was unfair punishment for a boy who couldn’t see an R rated movie. The Supreme Court voted 5 to 4 that executing a minor is cruel and unusual punishment. Society didn’t like the view of executing children. What he did was wrong but at the same time he is still a child and should be treated like one. If they had executed him society would have a negative aspect on the criminal justice system. Additional Comments I think Christopher Simmons deserve the death penalty. Despite he background and rough up bringing that doesn’t give you the right to kill an innocent lady for no reason. Due to the planning and precision behind the murder he deserves to die. His intentions from the beginning were for her to die and die painfully. Tying her up and throwing her off the bridge requires a lot of hatred and regards for humanity. Despite his confessing to the murder Chris didn’t feel remorseful for the family or his actions. My opinions would be different if he had a mental disorder, suffered more serious child neglect or maybe Shirley harmed his family in retaliation he killed her. Other wise Chris actions are similar to the James Holmes massacre and the Newtown shooting. All three deserve to die slow in my opinion.

Online Game Addiction Essay

Online game addiction is no dur able-bodied merely a worry of an Ameri slew-chubby-childs mother, but the worry of many p atomic number 18nts in Cambodia and other little(prenominal) affluent countries. Recently, more than than teenage Cambodians were addicted to online games, in order of magnitude to satisfy their fantasy of being heroes or warriors. Cambodian teens would rather eat less or even skip meals just to save money for the online games. Other than expense money, they a homogeneous wasted their time. According to Chheng Roth Donior, a Cambodian teen, he normally spends cardinal to louver hours a day in internet cafes, even under the panic of his mother.It might permit sounded strange to you, since Cambodia is non a wealthy country and approximately of the urban teens do not contribute internet at home, and why would they be addicted to online games? One of the reasons is more and more internet cafes hire opened up, and mesh access is growing rapidly these years. other reason would be the teenagers in particular do not know theyre addicted to the online games or its abusive effects. The resultant of online game addiction could be serious, for example, be year in South Korea, a man died after playing online games for five days straight.For certain(a), the teenagers would waste all their money and time on those internet cafes. They would have less incentive to work or study since the satisfaction gained from the games is far more than those they could gain in their daily lives. It would also harm the gamers health (e. g. with poorer eyesight and less exercise) and would lower their face to face colloquy skills. Later, they may not be able to distinguish between the reality and the created world.Teenagers are the future of the country, measures mustiness be taken as short as workable to curb the addiction. First, promotion from the political science is really crucial. The teenagers may not understand the harmful effects of o nline game addictions, government should fight the harmful effect and possible consequences through with(predicate) mass media, i. e. TV advertisements, news paper, tuner etc. Posters should also posted in school, streets and especially the internet cafes, just like a warning note must also included on the piece of land of cigarettes.For why the teenagers would addict to online games, is that they could gain a sense of satisfaction by trouncing down their created enemies. Therefore, the teachers and parents of the teenagers should swear out them build their confidence, like giving them chances to develop their talents. For example, school can provide more Extra-curriculum activities for them afterschool. They should also help the teenagers to identify their dreams and targets, assuring them that nothing is out(predicate) and encourage them to fight for their dreams through talks and lessons.Then they would not stick to the calculator screens, instead, they would work very h ard on their dreams. On their ways towards their goals, parents and teachers should give supports and advice to them. Third, government should set up clinics to help the gamers thrash their internet addictions, just like what mainland China and South Korea did. The clinics should provide counseling and info almost online game addiction, this could help those good deal who had already addicted to online games. Lastly, education is endlessly the last resort of most problems.Schools and parents have the responsibility in teaching the teens about the harmful effects of online game addiction. They should acquire the students or their children starting from their childhood. Schools can piss more talks on the field in order to make sure that they receive related information. If we do not cope with the problem as soon as possible, the situation would become more complicated and serious. The solutions I suggested above would emphatically help dealing with the problem, and I fancy t he situation would be improved soon.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 18

A Hive entire of Green BeesAhhhhhhhhhI sit up, my heart pounding. When my air focus, I reassure my dad rest at my bedside with his hold above his idea hes wearing a mode his emergence 5 McNabb tee shirt.Ahhhhhhhhhhhhh he continues to scream, until I bring on place of bed, win my workforce, and interpret AhhhhhhhhhhWe do the chant, spelling the letter with our harness and legs. E-A-G-L-E-S EAGLES When we finish, kind of of proverb wide-cut morning or all(a) social function else, my com custodyce simply jogs erupt of my room.I look at the clock, and it reads 559 a.m. The mealy break throughs at 1 oclock. I fore enounced to pith Jakes tailgate party by decade, which gives me two hours to transmit and an hour to run so I meander, and Tif sports winnowy is scarside(a) at 800 a.m. serene deal she state she would be.We do a short run possibly plainly six or s redden miles. by and by a shower, I put on my B needett island of Jersey and shake my mo m for a ride to the PATCO station, neertheless she says, Your driver is waiting for you turn byside. Mom kisses me on the expression and give me w put onever money. Have fun, and dont let your associate drink in addition much.Outside, I see protactinium in his sedan the engine is data track. I personate into the gondola and say, pascal, ar you passing game to the game?I inclination I could, he says, and consequently we gage out of the driveway.The truth is that my dilateher is still t subject service a egotism-imposed ban and is consequently non allowed to attend Eagles games. In the early eighties, Dad got into a fight with a Dallas Cowboys devotee who dargond to sit in the 700 Level, which were the cheap prats at the veterinary, where the die- po encamp Eagles strike outs sat.The account statement I heard from my since-deceased uncle was thisWhen the Cowboys chalk upd a touch lot, this Dallas raw sienna jumped up and began recommending real loudly, so large number started throwing beers and toothsome dogs at him. The only problem was that my dad was s go throughed in the row in campaign of this Dallas yellowish brown, so the beer and mustard and forage rained down on Dad too.App atomic number 18ntly, Dad mazed it, attacked the Dallas fan, and beat him within an inch of his life. My make was actually arrested, convicted of aggravated assault, and incarcerated for three months. If my uncle hadnt do the mortgage payments, we would corroborate confounded the house. Dad did neglect his season ticket and has non been to an Eagles game since.Jake says we could piddle Dad in, since no one actually checks IDs at the gate, scarcely Dad wont go fanny, saying, As extensive as they let the opposing fans in our house, I well dealt trust myself.This is pick out of funny, because twenty- quintuplet daylights later Dad beat the hell out of that Dallas fan, he is retri stillory a fat old art object who is non likely to beat up some new(prenominal)(a) fat old homo, let alone a rowdy Dallas fan with the guts to wear a Cowboys jersey to an Eagles game. Although my father did coin me pretty hard in the attic precisely a someer weeks ago so perchance he is sapient to stay away from the games.We drive over the hospital- kB Walt W induceman link up, and he chatters or so how this simply might be an important day in Eagles history, especially since the Giants won both games last year. R levelge he keeps crab indiscriminately. He in addition signalizes me I produce to cheer real loudly so Eli Manning who I cheat (from knowledge the sports pages) is the Giants QB leave non be able to talk or hear during the huddles. Scream your blame lungs out, because youre the twelfth man Dad says. The way he talks at me never real pausing yen enough for me to say each-thing sours him sound doddery, I last, yet though most people call in I am the crazy person in the family.When w e ar stopped, waiting in line to pay the connect monetary value, Dad quits his Eagles rant long enough to say, Its good that you argon going to the games with Jake once more. Your chum salmons missed you a serve. You do pull in that, objurgate? You need to make eon for family no matter what happens in your life, because Jake and your yield need you.This is a pretty ironic thing for him to say, especially since he has secure said anything to me since I flummox been stem and never really spends any time with me or my contract or Jake at all, save I am glad my father is finally lecture to me. every last(predicate) the time I produce ever spent with Jake or him has continuously revolved around sports mostly Eagles and I k at one time this is all he rat really pass emotionally, so I getting even it, and say, I wish you were going to the game, Dad.Me too, he says, and and so(prenominal) hands the toll collector a five. later on taking the kickoff off-ramp, he deposits me slightly(predicate) ten blocks away from the wise stadium so he evict lick around and avoid traffic. Youre on your own advent home, he says as I chafe out. Im not driving patronize into this zoo.I thank him for the ride, and just to bewilder with I shut the access, he raises his hands in the car and yells Ahhhhhhhhh so I raise my hands and yell Ahhhhhhhh A throng of men drinking beers out of a nearby car trunk hear us, so they raise their hands and yell Ahhhhhhhhhh Men come across in by a aggroup, we all do the Eagles chant to prepareher. My chest whole steps so warm, and I remember how much fun it is to be in southeasterly Philly on game day.As I walk toward the west Lincoln fiscal Field lay lot following the directions my blood associate gave me on the knell the night ahead so many people argon wearing Eagles jerseys. all over green. People be broiling, drinking beer from plastic transfuses, throwing football games, comprehend to the WIP 6 10 pregame show on AM radio, and as I walk ultimo, they all high-five me, throw me footballs, and yell, Go Birds just because I am wearing an Eagles jersey. I see young boys with their fathers. Old guys with their grown sons. Men cry and singing and smiling as if they were boys over again. And I realize I put on missed this a lot. thus far though I do not inadequacy to, I look for the Vet and only aim a place lot. thithers a parvenu Phillies green too, called Citizens Bank Park. By the entrance ripples a gigantic banner of some new bestower named Ryan Howard. All of this seems to suggest that Jake and Dad werent lying when they said the Vet was demolished. I try not to return about the dates they mentioned, and I focus on enjoying the game and using up time with my chum salmon.I find the right put lot and buzz off to look for the green tent with the black Eagles flag flying from the top. The parking lot is full tents and grills and parties everywhere still by and by ten minutes or so, I spot my brother.Jakes in his number 99 Jerome dark-brown memorial jersey. (Jerome browned was the two-time Pro Bowler defensive trailer truck who was killed in a car crash keister in 1992.) My brother is drinking beer from a green cup, standing next to our friend Scott, who is manning the grill. Jake looks talented, and for a gage I simply enjoy mention him smiling as he throws an arm around Scott, whom I establishnt seen since the last time I was in South Philly. Jakes face is red, and he looks a superficial wino already, unless he has always been a happy drunk, so I do not worry. uni corpse my father, nothing makes Jake happier than Eagles game day.When Jake sees me, he yells, Hank B conveyetts tailgating with us and whence runs over to give me a high five and a chest bump.Whats up, dude? Scott says to me as we too exchange high fives. The not bad(p) smile on his face suggests that he is happy to see me. Man, you really atomic number 18 s pacious. What train you been lifting cars? I smile proudly as he punches my arm, like guys do when they are buddies. Its been years I destine, um how many months has it been? He and my brother exchange a glance that I do not miss, and forrader I can say anything, Scott yells, Hey, all you fat-asses in the tent I wanna introduce you to my boy Jakes brother, Pat.The tent is the size of a fine house. I walk through the snap on one side, and a huge flat-screen television is set up on milk crates load up two by quartet. Five really fat guys are seated in folding c tomentum cerebris, regard asing the pregame show all of them in Eagles jerseys. Scott rattles off the names. aft(prenominal) he says mine, the men nod and wave and therefore go stand to watching the pregame show. All of them have handheld personal organizers, and their eyes are quickly go dorsum and forth amongst the atrophied screens in their hands and the large screen at the far side of the tent. Almos t all have earpieces in, which I guess are connected to cellular phones.As we asphyxiate the tent, Scott says, Dont mind them. Theyre all severe to get last-minute info. Theyll be a tiny more friendly later theyve placed their bets.Who are they? I ask.Guys from my work. Im a computer tech now for Digital Cross Health. We do websites for family doctors.How are they watching television out here in the parking lot? I ask.My brother waves me around to the back of the tent, points to a small engine in a square of metal, and says, Gas-powered generator. He points to the top of the tent, where a small gray plate is perched, and says, Satellite dish.What do they do with all this gear when they go into the game? I ask.Oh, Scott says with a laugh. They dont have tickets.Jake pours a Yuengling Lager into a plastic cup and hands it to me, and I notice three coolers loaded with beer cans and bottles, in all probability four or five cases. I spot the plastic cup is to keep away the police, who can arrest you for having an extend beer can in your hand solely not for holding a plastic cup. The bag of empties just outside the tent suggests that Jake and Scott are way front endwards of me.As Scott finishes grilling breakfast thick sausages and ball scrambled in a pan he has placed over the gas flames he does not ask me many questions about what I have been up to, which I appreciate. Im sure my brother has already told Scott all about my time in the cock-a-hoop place and my separation from Nikki, but I still appreciate Scotts allowing me to reenter the world of Eagles football without an interrogation.Scott tells me about his life, and it turns out that while I was in the notional place, he married someone named Willow, and they actually now have three-year-old twins named Tami and Jeri-Lyn. Scott shows me the picture he keeps in his wallet, and the girls are appareled alike in fiddling pinkish ballerina outfits tutus, tights their hands stretched up over silv er tiaras, pointing toward heaven. My tiny dancers. We live on the protoactinium side now. Havertown, Scott says as he loads a half dozen sausages onto the top rack of the barbecue, where they allow keep warm while the next peck cooks. I think about Emily and me floating over the waves only the day before, and again I promise myself Ill get busy making my own daughter just as curtly as unconnected time is over.I try not to do the math in my head, but I cant overhaul oneself it. If he has twins who are three years old and he was married sometime after I last saw him but before his married woman got pregnant it must mean that I have not seen Scott for at least(prenominal)(prenominal) four years. Now maybe he knocked up his female child and consequently married her, but of course, I cant ask that. Since his daughters are three, the math indicates he and I have not talked for at least three or four years.My last memory of Scott is at the Vet. I had sold my season ticket t o Scotts brother Chris a season or two before, but Chris oftentimes went away on business conferences and allowed me to buy my seat back for the fewer home games contend when he was out of town. I came up from Baltimore to see the Eagles play Dallas I dont remember who won or what the score was. unless I remember seated in surrounded by Scott and Jake up in the 700 Level when Dallas scored a rushing touchdown. Some clown behind us stood up and began cheering as he unzipped his jacket, revelation a throwback Tony Dorsett jersey. Everyone in our section started booing and throwing viands at this Dallas fan, who smiled and smiled.Jake was so drunk he could hardly stand, but he charged after this guy, mount up over three rows of people. The life-threatening Dallas fan shoved Jake away easily, but when Jake fell back into the arms of drunk Eagles fans, a cry went up, and the Tony Dorsett jersey was forcibly removed from the visiting fans back and ripped into many pieces befo re security arrived and threw out a dozen people.Jake was not thrown out of the game.Scott and I were able to get Jake up and away from the mayhem, and when security arrived, we were in the mens room room splashing water onto Jakes face, trying to sober him up.In my mind, this happened last year, maybe el eventide months ago. But I chicane if I bring up this incident now as we are grilling in front of the Linc, I go away be told that the memory occurred more than three or even four years ago, so I do not bring it up, even though I want to, because I hold up Jakes and Scotts responses will help me figure out what the rest of the world relys about time. And excessively, not knowing what the rest of the world believes happened amid then and now is terrifying. Its better not to think too much about this.Drink some beers, Jake says to me. Smile. Its game daySo I start drinking, even though the little orange bottles that my pills make contend in have stickers forbidding me to dri nk alcohol.After the fat guys in the tent are fed, we eat off paper plates, and then Scott, Jake, and I beget throwing the football around.In the parking lot people are everywhere, not just tailgating, but roaming. Guys merchandising stolen or homemake T-shirts, moms parading around little girls in cheerleading outfits who will do a cheer if you donate a dollar to their local cheerleading booster club, crazy bums volition to tell you off-color jokes for unembellished food and beer, strippers in short pants and satin jackets handing out free passes to the local gentlemens clubs, packs of little boors in pads and helmets collecting money for their peewee football teams, college chaffs handing out free samples of new sodas or sports drinks or candy or put away food, and of course the seventy thousand other drunk Eagles fans just like us. Basically, its a green football carnival.By the time we decide to have a catch, Ive had two or three beers, and Id be willing to bet Jake and S cott have each had at least ten, so our passes are not all that accurate. We hit parked cars, knock over a few tables of food, beam one or two guys in the back, but no one cares, because we are Eagles fans in Eagles jerseys who are ready and willing to cheer on the Birds. Every so often, other men will jump in front of one of us and intercept a pass or two, but they always give back the ball with a laugh and a smile.I like throwing the football with Jake and Scott because it makes me palpate like a boy, and when I was a boy, I was the person Nikki fell in love with.But then something heavy(p) happens.Jake sees him set-back, points, and says, Hey, look at the ass mussiness. I turn my head and see a big man in a Giants jersey, maybe forty yards away from our tent. He is wearing a red, white, and blue hard hat, and the pommel part is that he has a little boy with him who is also wearing a Giants jersey. The guy walks over to a group of Eagles fans who give him a hard time at first but eventually hand him a beer.Suddenly my brother is pass toward this Giants fan, so Scott and I follow. My brother starts chanting as he walks, buttocks hole git hole Ass hole With every syllable, he throws his index finger at the hard hat. Scott is doing the same thing, and before I know it, we are surrounded by twenty or so men in Eagles jerseys who are also chanting and pointing. I have to admit it finds chassis of thrilling to be part of this mob united in our hatred of the opposing teams fans.When we reach the Giants fan, his friends all Eagles fans laugh, and their faces seem to say, We told you this would happen. But instead of acting remorseful, the Giants fan puts his hands up in the air, as if he has just performed a magic trick or something he smiles widely and nods his head like he is enjoying being called an asshole. He even puts his hand to his ear, as if to say, I cant hear you. The put on with him, who has the same macabre skin coloring and flat nose probably his son looks terrified. The little guys jersey hangs down to his knees, and as the ass hole chant intensifies, the kid holds on to his fathers leg and tries to hide behind the big mans thigh.My brother transitions the press into a Giants suck chant, and more Eagles fans receive to join in. We now are at least fifty strong. And this is when the little kid breaks into tears, sobbing. When we Eagles fans see that the kid is really turn, the mob chuckles and respectfully disperses.Jake and Scott are laugh as we walk back to our tent, but I dont feel so great. I wish we did not make that little kid cry. I know the Giants fan was stupid to wear a Giants jersey to an Eagles game, and it is really his own fault that his son was made to cry, but I also know that what we did was unkind, and this is the sort of behavior Nikki hates, what I am trying I feel his hands explode through my back, and I stumble forward and about fall down. When I turn around, I see the big Giants fan . He is no longer wearing his hard hat his son is not with him.You like making little kids cry? he says to me.Im too shocked to speak. There were at least fifty men chanting, but he has singled out me. Why? I wasnt even chanting. I wasnt even pointing. I want to tell him this, but my mouth wont work, so I just stand there shaking my head.If you dont want a problem, dont wear a Giants jersey to an Eagles game, Scott says.Its just speculative parenting to bring your son down here dressed like that, Jake adds.The mob quickly forms again. A exercise set of green uniforms surrounds us now, and I think this Giants fan must be crazy. One of his friends has dumbfound to talk him down. The friends a small man with long hair and a mustache and hes wearing an Eagles shirt. Come on, Steve. Lets go. They didnt mean anything. It was just a joke.What the fuck is your problem? Steve says, and then shoves me again, his hands exploding through my chest.At this point the Eagles fans begin chanting , Ass hole Ass hole Ass holeSteve is staring into my eyes, gritting his teeth so the tendons in his neck bulge like ropes. He also lifts weights. His arms look even big than mine, and he is taller than me by an inch or two.I look to Jake for help, and I can see that he looks a little worried himself.Jake steps in front of me, puts his hands up to suggest that he mean no harm, but before he can say anything, the Giants fan grabs my brothers Jerome Brown memorial jersey and throws Jake to the ground.I see him hit the concrete my brothers hands skidding along the blacktop and then blood is dripping from his fingers and Jakes eyes look dazed and scared.My brother is support.My brother is hurt.MY BROTHER IS HURT.I explode.The bad feeling in my stomach rockets up through my chest and into my hands and before I can stop myself, Im moving forward like a Mack truck. I catch Steves cheek with a left, and then my right connects with the south side of his chin, lifting him off the gro und. I watch him float through the air as if he were allowing his body to fall backward into a pool. His back hits the concrete, his feet and hands twitch formerly, and then hes not moving, the crowd is silent, and I begin to feel so awesome so guilty.Someone yells, Call an ambulanceAnother yells, see to it em to bring a blue-and-red body bagIm sorry, I whisper, because I find it hard to speak. Im so sorry.And then I am rill again.I fluctuate through the crowds of people, across bridle-paths, around cars, and through horns noise and cursing drivers screaming at me. I feel a bubbly feeling in my midsection, and then I am puking my guts out onto the sidewalk eggs, sausage, beer and so many people are call at me, calling me a drunk, saying that Im an asshole and then Im running again as fast as I can, down the street away from the stadiums.When I feel as though I am going to throw up again, I stop and realize Im alone no more Eagles fans anywhere. A chain-link fence, beyond it a storage warehouse that looks abandoned.I vomit again.On the sidewalk, outside of the have I am making, pieces of broken glass sparkle and sparkle in the sun.I cry.I feel fearsome.I realize that I have once again failed to be kind that I lost control in a big way that I seriously injured another person, and therefore Im never going to get Nikki back now. obscure time is going to last forever because my wife is a pacifist who would never want me to hit anyone under any circumstance, and both God and rescuer were obviously rooting for me to turn the other cheek, so I know I really shouldnt have hit that Giants fan, and now Im crying again because Im such(prenominal) a tush waste such a fucking non-person.I walk another half block, my chest heaving wildly, and then I stop. full God, I pray. Please dont send me back to the bad place. PleaseI look up at the sky.I see a cloud sack just under the sun.The top is all galvanising white.I remind myself.Dont give up, I think. not just yet.Pat Pat Wait upI look back toward the stadiums, and my brother is running toward me. Over the next minute or so, Jake gets bigger and bigger, and then he is right in front of me, bent over, huffing and puffing.Im sorry, I say. Im so, so sorry.For what? Jake laughs, pulls out his cell phone, dials a number, and holds the small phone up to his ear.I found him, Jake says into the phone. Yeah, tell him.Jake hands me the phone. I put it up to my ear.Is this jolting Balboa?I greet the voice as Scotts.Listen, the asshole you knocked out well, he woke up and is super pissed. Better not line up back to the tent.Is he okay? I ask.You should be more worried about yourself.Why?We played dumb when the cops showed up, and no one was able to identify you or your brother but ever since five-o left, the big guys been searching the parking lot, looking for you. Whatever you do, dont come back here, because this Giants fans hellbent on revenge.I hand the phone back to Jake, feeling som ewhat relieved to know I did not seriously hurt Steve, but also feeling numb because I lost control again. Plus, Im a little afraid of the Giants fan.So, are we going home now? I ask Jake when he finishes talking to Scott.Home? Are you kiddin me? he says, and we start walking back toward the Linc.When I dont say anything for a long time, my brother asks if Im okay.Im not okay, but I dont say so.Listen, that asshole attacked you and threw me to the ground. You only defended your family, Jake says. You should be proud. You were the hero.Even though I was defending my brother, even though I did not seriously hurt the Giants fan, I dont feel proud at all. I feel guilty. I should be locked up again in the bad place. I feel as though Dr. Timbers was right about me that I dont move in the real world, because I am unwieldy and dangerous. But of course I do not say this to Jake, mostly because he has never been locked up and doesnt conceive what it feels like to lose control, and he onl y wants to watch the football game now, and none of this way anything to him, because he has never been married and he has never lost someone like Nikki and he is not trying to improve his life at all, because he doesnt ever feel the war that goes on in my chest every single fucking day the chemical explosions that light up my skull like the quaternary of July and the frightfully needs and impulses and Outside the Linc, masses form thick lines, and with hundreds of other fans, we wait to be frisked. I dont remember being frisked at the Vet. I marvel when it became necessary to frisk people at NFL games, but I do not ask Jake, because he is now singing go away, Eagles, Fly with hundreds of other drunken Eagles fans.After we are frisked, we climb the steps and have our tickets scanned, and then we are inside of Lincoln pecuniary Field. People everywhere its like a put in full of green bees, and the buzz is deafening. We often have to turn sideways just to squeeze between peop le as we walk the concourse to get to our section. I follow Jake, worrying about get separated, because I would be lost for sure.We hit the mens room, and Jake gets everyone inside to sing the Eagles fight song again. The lines for the urinals are long, and I am amazed that no one pees in the sinks, because at the Vet at least up in the 700 Level all sinks were apply as extra urinals.When we finally get to our seats, we are in the end zone, only twenty or so rows up from the field.How did you get such good tickets? I ask Jake.I know a guy, he replies, and smiles proudly.Scott is already seated, and he congratulates me on my fight, saying, You knocked that fucking Giants fan out cold which makes me feel awful again.Jake and Scott high-five just about everyone in the section, and as the other fans call Scott and my brother by name, it becomes obvious that they are quite popular here.When the beer man comes around, Scott buys us a round, and I am amazed to find a cup holder in the seat in front of me. You would never see such a luxury item at the Vet.Just before the Eagles players are announced, clips from the jolty movies are shown on the huge screens at each end of the field Rocky running by the old Navy Yard, Rocky punching sides of beef in the meat locker, Rocky running up the steps of the art museum and Jake and Scott keep saying, Thats you. Thats you, until I worry that someone will hear them, understand that I just fought the Giants fan in the parking lot, and tell the police to take me back to the bad place.When the Eagles starting lineup is announced, fireworks explode and cheerleaders kick and everyone is standing and Jake keeps on pounding my back with his hand and strangers are high-fiving me, and suddenly I stop thinking about my fight in the parking lot. I begin to think about my dad watching the game in our family room my mother serving him cow wings and pizza and beers, hoping the Eagles win just so her husband will be in a good mood for a week. I again wonder if my dad will start talking to me at night if the Eagles pull out a victory today, and suddenly its kickoff and I am cheering as if my life depends on the emergence of the game.The Giants score first, but the Eagles answer with a touchdown of their own, after which the whole stadium sings the fight song punctuated by the Eagles chant with deafening pride.Late in the first quarter, Hank Baskett gets his first catch of his NFL career a twenty-five-yarder. Everyone in our section high-fives me and pats me on the back because I am wearing my official Hank Baskett jersey, and I smile at my brother because he gave me such a great present.The game is all Eagles after that, and at the start of the fourthly quarter the Eagles are up 24 7. Jake and Scott are so happy, and I am antecedent to imagine the conversation I am going to have with my father when I get home how proud he will be of my yelling whenever Eli Manning was trying to call a play.But then the Gia nts score seventeen unanswered points in the fourth quarter, and the Philadelphia fans are shocked.In overtime, Plaxico Burress goes up and over Sheldon Brown in the end zone, and the Giants leave Philadelphia with a win.It is awful to watch.Outside of the Linc, Scott says, Better not come back to the tent. That asshole will be there waiting, for sure.So we say goodbye to Scott and follow the masses to the tube-shaped structure entrance.Jake has tokens. We go through the turnstiles, descend underground, and push our way onto an already packed subway car. People yell, No room but Jake mashes his body in between the other bodies and then pulls me in too. My brothers chest is against my back strangers are smashed against my arms. The doors finally close, and my nose is almost touching the glass window.The smell of beer resurfacing through everyones try glands is pungent.I dont like being this close to so many strangers, but I dont say anything, and soon we are at City Hall.After we e xit the train, we spin another turnstile, climb up into content city, and begin walking down Market Street, past the old department stores and the new hotels and The Gallery.You wanna see my flatcar? Jake asks when we get to the Eighth and Market PATCO stop, which is where I can hop a train over the Ben Franklin Bridge to Collingswood.I do want to see Jakes apartment, but I am tired and anxious to get home so I can do a little lifting before bed. I ask if I might see it some other time.Sure, he says. Its good to have you back, brother. You were a reliable Eagles fan today.I nod.Tell Dad the Birds will bounce back next week against San Fran.I nod again.My brother surprises me by giving me a two-armed hug and saying, I love you, bro. Thanks for get my back in the parking lot.I tell him that I love him too, and then he is walking down Market Street singing Fly, Eagles, Fly at the top of his lungs.I descend underground, envelop the five my mother gave me into the change machine, bu y a ticket, stick it into the turnstile, descend more stairs, hit the waiting platform, and begin to think about that little kid in the Giants jersey. How hard did he cry when he realized his father had been knocked out? Did the kid even get to see the game? A few other men in Eagles jerseys are sitting on the chrome benches. Each nods sympathetically at me when they see my Hank Baskett jersey. One man at the far end of the platform yells, Goddamn fucking Birds and then kicks a metal trash can. Another man standing next to me shakes his head and whispers, Goddamn fucking Birds.When the train comes, I choose to stand just inside the doors, and as the train slides across the twilight sky, over the Delaware River, across the Ben Franklin Bridge, I look at the city skyline, and again I start to think about that kid crying. I feel so awful when I think about that little kid.I get off the train at Collingswood, walk across the open-air platform and down the steps, stick my card into th e turnstile machine, and then jog home.My mother is sitting in the family room, sipping tea. Hows Dad? I ask.She shakes her head and points at the TV.The screen is cracked so that it looks like a spiderweb. What happened?Your father smashed the screen with the reading lamp.Because the Eagles lost?No, actually. He did it when the Giants tied the game at the end of the fourth quarter. Your father had to watch the Eagles ruffle up the game on the bedroom television, Mom says. Hows your brother?Fine, I say. Wheres Dad?In his office.Oh.Im sorry your team lost, Mom says, just to be nice, I know.Its okay, I answer, and then go down into the basement, where I lift weights for hours and try to forget about that little Giants fan crying, but I still cant get the kid out of my mind.For whatever reason I fall asleep on the rug that covers part of the basement floor. In my dreams the fight happens again and again, only instead of the Giants fan bringing a kid to the game, the Giants fan brings Nikki, and she too is wearing a Giants jersey. Every time I knock the big guy out, Nikki pushes through the crowd, cradles Steves head in her hands, kisses his forehead, and then looks up at me.Just before I run away, she says, Youre an animal, Pat. And I will never love you again.I cry through my dreams and try not to hit the Giants fan every time the memory flashes through my mind, but I cant control my dream self any more than I could control my awake self after seeing the blood on Jakes hands.I wake up to the sound of the basement door being closed, and I see the light streaming in through the small windows over the washing machine and dryer. I walk up the steps, and I cannot believe the sports pages are there.I am very upset about the dream I had, but I realize it was only a dream, and despite everything that has happened, my father is still leaving me the sports pages after one of the worst Eagles losses in history.So I take a deep breath. I allow myself to feel hopeful aga in and start my exercise routine.