The Obligatory Elements For Establishing Fraudulent...

The following essay will discuss the obligatory elements for establishing fraudulent misrepresentation. This explicit area of business law is reinforced by precedent cases which encapsulate and clarify the elements required to establish an argument for damages based on fraudulent misrepresentation. In light of this, the essay will argue in favour of Bob Wheelie, with support of relevant case law, that the reckless actions of Mr Spokes constitute the grounds for an action for fraud and damages to the other party (Bob Wheelie). The sufficient evidence validates that: Mr Spokes held prior knowledge about the business claiming a false statement of fact; Mr Spokes provided the statement in order to induce Bob into entering the contract; Mr Spokes employed the use of misrepresentation knowing that such representation was false and would cause detrimental repercussions; and as a result Bob Wheelie suffered economic loss. Therefore, these findings indicate that Bob Wheelie can claim damages against Mr Spokes on the basis of fraudulent misrepresentation. The statutory prohibition of misleading or deceptive conduct under section 18(1) of the Australian Consumer Law provides: â€Å"A person must not, in trade or commerce, engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive. † The grounds of fraudulent misrepresentation were established in the case of Derry v Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 337 . Lord Herschell stated that fraudulent misrepresentation arises when aShow MoreRelatedSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pagesto refute claims not endorsed by the word of God! We want to hold the lines evenly, that there shall be no breaking down of the system of organization and order that has been built up by wise, careful labor. License must not be given to disorderly elements that desire to control the work at this time.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Testimonies to Ministers, p. 489. Divine Purpose in Organization â€Å"As our numbers increased, it was evident that without some form of organization there would be great confusion, and the work would not

We Should Set Limits On Moral Obligation - 1398 Words

We Should Set Limits on Moral Obligation In The Gift, Ian Parker discusses a personal story of a man named Zell Kravinsky that had given almost his entire fortune and kidney under moral obligation. The â€Å"big question† that will be evaluated in this paper is there important limits to how much do-gooding morality can ask of us? If so, how much can it ask of us to sacrifice for others? This question had placed great influence on Zell Kravinsky story and it is important we evaluate his arguments for moral obligation can ask of us. In this essay I intend to recognize the infraction that moral obligation puts on decisions such as ‘nondirected’ organ donation. The boundary Zell Kravinsky set an moral obligation should be avoided because his actions were not entirely moral, and placed harm on his well-being. Zell does limit to the amount of good deeds that need to be done to live morally. He suggests that he is driven by what he calls ‘mathematical calculus of utilitarianism† which gave him the d rive to be the ‘greatest good.† What he calls his romantic-self, which gives him the urge to make charitable acts excessive. On many accounts Zell is described as depressed. He is not suicidal, but depressed because he has not done enough. When Zell speaks to his friend, he explains that you do not need to feel good in order to be good â€Å"But it’s the other way around: if you do good, you become better. With each thing I’ve given away, I’ve been more certain of the need to give more away.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Obligation to Obey Governing Bodies1427 Words   |  6 PagesI believe it is safe to say that the subjects of any legitimate state have an obligation to at obey their governing bodies. Underlying my own obedience to my countrys laws are a number of reasons - an understanding of my obligation to take responsibility for my own actions, a recognition of my governments authority over me, a belief that the laws of my country are well-founded, and a fear of the consequences of disobeying said laws. Without laws, a society would quickly crumble into disorderRead MoreConsider H.L.a Hart’s Critique of Austin’s Positivist Theory of Law. Do You Think H.L.a Hart Succeeds in Developing an Alternative Account of Law Which Is Persuasive?1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe question o f what the law is a philosophical one, which probably has no definite answer to it. This is evident as we have seen a lot of legal theorists trying to come with answers to the question. Ronald Dworkin says it is â€Å"a set of explicitly adapted rules and ought to maximise the general welfare† , Fuller on the other believed â€Å"law should withstand the scrutiny of reason and opposed the idea of legal positivism that law is no higher than a particular authority† , John Austin defined it toRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics For Education917 Words   |  4 PagesMy area of study is in education. The code of ethics for education falls into three different categories, ethical conduct towards the students, ethical conduct practices, and ethical conduct towards colleagues. Educators have a moral responsibility to have a learning environment that fulfills and helps their students reach their full potential. According to the Code of Educators, â€Å"The professional educator acc epts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help themRead MoreApplying Duty Ethics And The Mattel Case Study1111 Words   |  5 Pagesword â€Å"deon†, which translates to duty . Duty ethics is a moral theory that focuses on people’s actions, regardless of their consequences. This moral theory teaches that individuals should do the right thing, simply because it is the right thing to do. The same applies to the contrary: do not do wrong things, all wrong things should be avoided because of their nature of being wrong. According to this moral theory, no action should be justified solely by demonstrating that it produced good outcomesRead MoreEssay on Relationship Between Law and Morality1268 Words   |  6 Pagesachieve in the society. When discussing the relationship between law and morality I will consider the distinction between the theory of natural law and legal positivism and how these two theories influence each other a nd whether there is a legal or moral duty for the society to obey the law. Legal philosophers have tried to provide a brief explanation for the meaning of law; however their definitions have been vague and ambiguous. John Austin explained law as ‘something which is man-made and separateRead MoreEssay about The Ethical Roles of the Government in Medical Practice1579 Words   |  7 Pagespractice are a slippery slope. One may argue â€Å"How can the government make decisions based solely upon the best interest of itself†. With this being focused mostly in regards to it’s stances on abortion and the rights of doctors to make ethical and moral decisions on whether or not they want to practice abortions in their clinic. While bearing in mind ethical values relating to medical practices, the role of conscience is extremely substantial. â€Å"Abortion was legalized in 1973 when the U.S.SupremeRead MoreThe Limit Of Our Moral Duty1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe Limit of our Moral Duty in regards to Famine Relief In the article â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality,† Peter Singer argues that our conceptions on moral belief need to change. Specifically, he argues that giving to famine relief is not optional but a moral duty and failing to contribute money is immoral. As Singer puts it, â€Å"The way people in affluent countries react ... cannot be justified; indeed the whole way we look at moral issues-our moral conceptual scheme-needs to be altered and with itRead MoreThe Change Process Stages ( Havelock And Zlotolow )1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmull over systemic change. Moral office, investigated in this study as moral choice making, is a mind boggling perspective of school administration. In a design corresponding to the quantitative work of Langlois, Lapointe, Valois, and de Leeuw (2014), we utilized Starratt s (2005) structure for good instructive administration to dissect information on moral choice making forms among Canadian school principals. This gave a portrayal of some of the day by day, or normal, moral difficulties confrontingRead MoreThe Objective Basis of Morality Challenged1611 Words   |  7 Pagesunethical or moral can easily boggle the mind. It is a topic that can be debated almost endlessly. There are many factors that must be taken into consideration to provide valid philosophies; yet there will still always be debatable elements. Two concepts of morality that are in direct opposition of each other are moral objectivism and moral relativism. Moral relativism can be subjective, in which morals are particular an individuals own be liefs; or, they can be conventional, in which morals are specificRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Good Manager1294 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagerial skills are six concepts of abilities a good manager should have in order to perform well in the workplace. The first managerial skill is teamwork because the individual should be able to contribute, negotiate and resolve conflict effectively in a team with others members and leaders. The second skills are self-management which is the ability to have a strong ethical reasoning, tolerance of others and most important to meet the obligations of the workplace. Thirdly, leadership forms part of the

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Eating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa Essay - 1857 Words

Although there is a relationship between the wanting the â€Å"perfect† body and eating disorders, there is no general agreement as to what the main cause of eating disorders really is. The prevailing belief is that eating disorders are a product of one or more behavioral, biological, and social factors including genetics, horrible experiences, being traumatized, being a victim of peer pressure, being teased and family members with eating disorder. There are numerous types of eating disorders. Both women and men are affected by eating disorders each day. Eating disorders can occur from an early age or become developed over time. Social media is an example of one of the main contributors of eating disorders because it makes people think they have to look a certain way to be considered â€Å"attractive.† Comorbid conditions often accompany eating disorders; these include anxiety and depression. Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses that are becoming more prevalent in the United States. The most commonly known eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa can be defined as â€Å"a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.† People with anorexia have an intense fear of gaining weight and are obsessed with the way they look. These people either exercise excessively or to prevent them from obtaining any more weight, they will restrict the amount of food they eat. This can lead to aShow MoreRelatedEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1622 Words   |  7 Pages Bulimia Nervosa To be diagnosed with eating disorder, someone must meet certain criteria. The criterion for diagnosis slightly varies depending on if you are referring to people who (A) fear gaining weight, and have significant weight loss,(B) eating a huge amount of food , then use laxative to remove the binged food, (C) the use of excessive exercise and fasting in order to remove or to reduce the amount of calories consumed, and (D) distorted body image, no matter how thin they become, theyRead MoreEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1658 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen affected by this disorder. The specific disorder that is being referred to in this paper, an eating disorder, is Anorexia Nervosa, the restricting type. An eating disorder â€Å"involve[s] disordered eating behaviors and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight† (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 335). Another well-known eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa which is characterized by binging and purging (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 338). Bulimia is different than anorexia since victims of bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pagesnotion of an â€Å"ideal† body and eating disorders, there is no consensus as to the root cause of eating disorders. The general belief is that eating disorders result from one or more biological, behavioral, and social factors including genetics, unpleasant experiences/trauma, peer pressure, teasing, and family members with eating disorders, among others. There are numerous types of eating disorders. Both women and men are affected by eating disorders each day. Eating disorders can occur from an early ageRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 PagesIllness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder and mental illnessRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa1653 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is one of several subtypes descending from feeding and eating disorders. It is a crippling life-threatening condition marked by a patient placing restriction on energy intake relative to needed energy requirements, resulting in a relentless pursuit of low body weight in the context of age, sex, development and physical health. According to American Psychiatric Publishing of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa, often timesRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa947 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder consist of emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S (ANAD, n.d.) bulimia nervosa as well as the other eating disorders are considered to be a female eating disorder, a disorder that only affects women which limits males to seek treatment let alone make aware to other that they suffer from bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa974 Words   |  4 PagesI have always been intrigued with eating disorders, particularly Anorexia Nervosa. When I was 18 years of age, my mother questioned whether or not I was Anorexic and she took me to the family practitioner, who then informed me that I was three pounds shy from being considered underweight. I knew I was thin, but I was really thin, but also really proud of my size. In an African American urban environment being thin was related to illness and drug abuse. I was often teased about how thin and fragileRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa889 Words   |  4 PagesANAD Eating Disorder Statistics about thirty million people in America of all ages and genders suffer from one of the three main eating disorders. Many people suffer from more than one of the eating disorders. Only 1 in 10 individuals receive the treatment that is needed to recover(AND A). Often eating disorders are known to be triggered by outside factors in their life, but studies show that it is more likely to be a part of their genetics. According to Webster the definition of an â€Å"Eating Disorder†Read MoreAnorexia Nervosa- Eating Disorder1685 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of anorexia are mostly seen on the outside of the victim’s body, but do not be fooled. This detrimental eating disorder affects one’s mind just as much as it would the body. What Anorexia does to the mind is that it distorts the way one views their body. Victims of anorexia become fixated on their body image and overly critical about their flaws and weight. Even being obviously underweight, Anorexics will continuously deny that they have a problem and continue with their fatal practices.Read MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1462 Words   |  6 Pagessuffer from many illnesses, one in particular is eating disorders. There are many types of eating disorders, but there are three common ones that are known today, which are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Eating disorders are not healthy, thi s type of disease can be very fatal and crucial to one s health   mentally, physically, and socially. The purpose of this report is to provide background information about eating disorders, strategies to prevent this illness from occurring

Production function Free Essays

No matter the objective of any business organization, achievement of efficiency in production or cost minimization for a given production activity appear to be one of the prime concern of the managers In the manager’s effort to minimize production costs, the fundamental questions he or she faces are: (f) How can production be optimized or costs minimizes? (g) What will be the behavior of output as inputs increase? (h) How does technology help In reducing production costs? 0) How can the least-cost combination of Inputs be achieved? J) Given the technology, what happens to the rate of return when more plants are added to the firm? The Theory of Production Production theory generally deals with quantitative relationships, that is, technical and technological relationships between inputs, especially labor and capital, and between inputs and outputs. An Input Is a good or service that goes Into the production process. As economists refer to It, an Input Is simply anything which a firm buys for use In Its production process. We will write a custom essay sample on Production function or any similar topic only for you Order Now An output, on the other hand, is any good or service that comes out of a production process. Economists classified inputs as (I) labor; (II) capital; land; (iv) raw materials; and, (v) time. These variables are measured per unit of time and once referred to as flow variables. In recent times, entrepreneurship has been added as part of the production Inputs, though this can be measured by the managerial expertise and the ability to make things happen. Inputs are classified as either fixed or variable Inputs. Fixed and variable inputs are defined in both economic sense and technical sense. In economic sense, a fixed input is one whose supply is inelastic in the short run. In technical sense, a fixed input is one that remains fixed (or constant) for certain level of output. A variable input is one whose supply in the short run is elastic, example, labor, raw terrestrial, and the like. Users of such inputs can employ a larger quantity in the short run. Technically, a variable Input Is one that changes with changes In output. In the long run, all Inputs are variable 3. 1 The Production Function Production function is a tool of analysis used in explaining the input-output relationship. It describes the technical relationship between inputs and output in physical terms. In its general form, it holds that production of a given commodity depends on certain specific Inputs. In Its specific form, it presents the quantitative relationships between Inputs and outputs. A production function may take the form f a schedule, a graph line or a curve, an algebraic equation or a mathematical model. The production function represents the technology of a firm. An empirical production function is generally so complex to include a wide range of inputs: land, labor, capital, raw materials, time, and technology. These variables form the Independent variables In a firm’s actual production function. A firm’s long- run production function Is of the form: where Old = land and building; L = labor; K = capital; M = materials; T = technology; and, t = time. For sake of convenience, economists have reduced the number of variables used in a reduction function to only two: capital (K) and labor (L). Therefore, in the analysis of input-output relations, the production function is expressed as: Q = f(K, L) (3. 1. 2) Equation (3. . 2) represents the algebraic or mathematical form of the production function. It is this form of production function which is most commonly used in production analysis. As implied by the production function (equation (3. 1. 2)), increasing production, Q, will require K and L, and whether the firm can increase both K and L or only L will depend on the time period it takes into account for increasing production, that is, whether he firm is thinking in terms of the s hort run or in terms of the long run. Economists believe that the supply of capital (K) is inelastic in the short run and elastic in the long run. Thus, in the short run firms can increase production only by increasing labor, since the supply of capital is fixed in the short run. In the long run, the firm can employ more of both capital and labor, as the supply of capital becomes elastic over time. In effect, there exists two types of production functions: The short-run production function; and, The long-run production function How to cite Production function, Papers

The Marketing Analysis of Retail and Super Market Chain @Tesco

Question: Describe about the market analysis for TESCO PLC, which is one of the leading retail and super market chain in the world? Answer: Executive Summary This assignment reflects the market analysis for TESCO PLC, which is one of the leading retail and super market chain in the world. The main objective is to find out the market position of Tesco in relation to the other competitors in the market. The article uses the SWOT Analysis technique to identify the market position of the company. In order to frame a definite growth strategy of the company, the Ansoffs Matrix is used. The summary attempts to cover the broad aspect of marketing for Tesco in every respect. Here the four Ps of marketing that is Product, Price, Place and Promotion are discussed in details which will highlight the various marketing approaches of the company and about its goals and objectives. The summary encompasses the relative market share of Tesco and what are the main competitors. 1. Introduction Tesco Plc is a leading retailing company based in England. It was founded in 1919 at Hackney, London, England. Mr. Jack Cohen is the founder of the company. It serves across several countries of the world like China, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Ireland, Poland, Malaysia, Slovakia, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, United States of America and in the United Kingdom. The company has its headquarters in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire in England. It is currently the third largest retailing company in the world as per the profits and the second largest in terms of the revenues (Arslan et al. 2014). It was primarily a grocery retailer. Later on it diversified its operations into other products like electronics, apparels, books, toys, furniture, software, petrol, telecommunications, financial services and internet related services. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The market capitalization was approximately 20.5 billion as on 4th August 2014 (Wang et al. 2014). Fig. 1 : Logo of Tesco Plc ( Source: tescoplc.com) 2. Market analysis for Tesco Plc This section consists of all the market related information of Tesco. Here the details of market share, competitor analysis and growth planning are given. 2.1 Current market share of Tesco Plc As per the Kantar Worldpanel, the market share of Tescos grocery market in the UK in the twelve weeks up to 18th March 2012 was 30.2% (Soberman et al. 2013). It went down from 30.6% in the twelve weeks up to 18th March 2011. This shortfall was due to the entry of the other competitors in the market. Tescos market share fell further in 2014 due to the entry of the rival companies in the retail sector. As of 2014, the market share of Tesco was reduced to 28.7%. Supermarket Market Share as on March 2012 Increase or decrease from March 2011 Tesco 30.20% decreased by 0.4% Asda 17.90% increased by 0.6% Sainsbury's 16.60% 0.00% Morrisons 12.30% 0.00% The Co-operative Food 6.90% decreased by 0.4% Figure 2: It shows the relative market share of Tesco with respect to the competitors for the year 2012. (Source: Barei et al. 2014, pp-280) 2.2 SWOT Analysis to assess the competitive position of Tesco The competitor analysis and what are the opportunities and drawbacks for Tesco, is depicted with the help of the SWOT Analysis (Bokek-Cohen, 2014). The strengths and weaknesses are related to the internal factors while the opportunities and threats are related to the external environment. The analysis is as follows: Strengths Tesco is one of the top retailers in the world. It falls under the top 100 most valued brands of the world. It is above eBay in the listing. It offers value for money services and products. All over the world, there are 6,784 stores of Tesco (Filipovic, 2013). The number increased by 433 additional stores from 2012. The company has always used innovation in its operations. It created stores like Tesco Metro and Tesco Express. These are small stores located in the neighborhood to make it easy for the customers to shop. To name the other strengths of the company are online shopping, different joint ventures with brands of the international market as for example in China. The company also did local recruitments including some of the senior management positions. The sheer size and availability of the various facilities help Tesco to purchase from the market in bulk, thereby gaining economies of scale. This helps the company to keep the prices of its products low and compete with the othe r retail giants like Asda or Sainsburys. The company has also innovated various loyalty packages for the customers such as the Clubcard. This helps Tesco immensely in attracting the customers and also to retain them in order to build a long term relationship with them (Jensen, 2013). Weaknesses Tesco has slowly emerged as one of the leading retailers with a variety of products. Starting from grocery, it slowly diversified into other products like books, garments, petrol, furniture, financial services and others (Jung, 2014). This can lead to some weakness in the company. The profit of Tesco has been adversely affected due to series of bad debts arising out of credit card issuances and several household insurance claims. Another weakness is its lack of knowledge and experience in few of the sectors where it intends to explore, such as its own branded smart phones and tablets. There is plenty of scope of development in investments in IT and web technologies (Kalenskaya, 2015). Opportunities The opportunities for Tesco are plenty in the market, such as entering into the digital entertainment section (Kashif et al. 2015).They have invested 80% in Blinkbox. The aim of the company to promote their own branded smart phones and tablets can intervene with this investment, especially in foreign markets like Thailand, China, Malaysia and South Korea. Their online shopping will help customers to order products and services from the comfort of their homes. If the market is hit by recession, then also, the customers can buy products at reasonable prices offered by Tesco (Hassan et al. 2015). There is plenty of opportunity to expand the operations into international market also like in Australia. This is because in Australia, there is very limited competition in the grocery market compared to the other parts of the world. In spite of this the retail sector is immensely price sensitive. Threats There are many threats to Tesco from the domestic and international market. The current position of Tesco as the largest retailer in UK retail makes it the target of the rivals like Sainsburys, Asda, Morrisons and others. Tesco has so far successfully resisted the takeover of Asda by Walmart (Kursunluoglu, 2014). In the UK, the branding of stores such as Asda Walmart has been on the rise. This shows the ominous signs of Walmarts shadow looming large on Tesco. Ranking at the ninth position in the most valued brand in the world, Walmart is the largest rival of Tesco globally (Li, 2013).Walmart has all the necessary resources like skills, experience and funds to impose a direct threat to Tesco. The adverse effects of planned towns in todays world, the customers dislike to go to stores which are located out of town and the Governments concern for the livelihood of people working in the small local shops, are the main causes of threat to Tesco (Lim et al. 2015). 3. Growth strategy of Tesco Plc The strategy implemented by Tesco for capturing the retail market and growth can be analysed with the help of the Ansoffs Matrix. Market penetration Consumers sometimes have the tendency to run after brands more than the products. Tesco has very well understood this psychology of the consumers. To the customers, Tesco is a brand. Tesco first came into the market with its own advertising website known as the Tesco Property Market. Tesco was promoting all its products and services through the website and they were also distributing leaflets within their stores. In the year of 1995, Tesco crossed Sainsburys and became the largest retailer in the UK market (Mai, 2014). The introduction of the Clubcard concept for gaining the loyalty of the customers and retaining them, helped Tesco to penetrate deep in the retail market. New products and services In order to grow and sustain in the market, a company should come up with new products and services according to the tastes and preferences of the customers. Here is a list of activities that Tesco did: Tesco offers a wide range of products and services like credit cards, mortgages, insurance products, various investment and savings schemes, electronic goods and others (Meershoek et al. 2015). Tesco has also introduced innovative products like bio-fuel in place of the standard petrol and diesel. They are even trying to improve the quality of those products. The company is also trying to expand in other sectors also like mobile and tablets. They have tested success in the Asian market regarding these products and earned huge profits. They are slowly moving into the telecommunications and electronics departments (Moiseieva, 2013). Market development In the year 1994, Tesco Plc took over William Low, the renowned Scottish supermarket chain. It was in 1997, that the company also bought stakes from the Associated British Foods retail chain consisting of Stewarts, Quinnsworth and Crazy Prices (Park, 2014). In the month of June 2003, Tesco purchased C Two-Network in Japan. It was in the middle of 2006, that Tesco bought Casinos Leader Price Supermarkets in Poland. They were later transferred into small sized Tesco Stores. For development of the existing market, Tesco undergoes frequent changes. In the year 2005-06 some significant changes were made in the marketing strategy of Asian and the European countries. A few examples are Japan, Poland and South Korea (Phillips et al. 2013). Product diversification Very recently Tesco diversified its products from the food items to the non-food items. Initially Tesco started as the leading grocery retail chain. But slowly it diversified its business into garments, books, dvd sales and rental, furniture, various financial services and internet related services (Rabbanee et al. 2013). In the clothing department, Tesco introduced its own brands like Cherokee and F+F. The food brands of Tesco like Finest and Value were being used in non food brands also like the electronics, health and beauty products. Figure 3: Ansoffs Matrix growth strategy of Tesco Plc (Source: Sigala, 2014. Pp-211) 4. Product 4.1 Product Life Cycle The product life cycle stage of the Tesco brand can be analyzed through the BCG Matrix. Here, growth of Tesco in the global market is shown as per the Annual Report of 2012-2013. BCG Matrix Countries Revenue Revenue Growth Trading Profit Trading Profit Growth Marketing Position Loyalty Scheme Members UK 43.6 bn + 1.8% 2272m 8.3% 1st 16m Asia 11.5 bn + 6.0% 661m 10.3% 1st or 2nd 20m Europe 9.3 bn + 5.5% 329m 37.8% 1st or 2nd 7m Fig. 4: BCG Matrix of Tesco (Source: Sudbury-Riley, 2014, pp-667) Star Product It indicates high market share and high growth. The UK market is star for Tesco petrol. The profit rises to 11.8% with the sale of petrol product (Smith, 2013). Question Mark Product It shows high growth and low market share. In Asian markets people are buying Tesco products but the share prices are low due to stiff competition in telecom sector from Samsung, Jazz, Telenor, etc (Soni et al. 2014). Cash Cow Product Here there is low growth but high market share. It is seen in the European market where Tesco has competitors but due to the brand name, Tescos share prices are still high. Dog Product This consists of low growth and low market share. This is mainly applicable to the financial sector of Tesco in USA. The Tesco banking sector was kicked out after 20 years of service. The pre-tax profits fell 51% to 1.96bn and the post-tax profits including the cost to exit from the US were 120m, decreased by 95.7% (Sudbury-Riley, 2014). 5. Price Tesco followed a very smart pricing strategy. In order to compete with the domestic and international rivals, it offered products and services at comparatively cheaper prices to attract the customers as the UK customers are very price sensitive. Competing with the giants like Sainsburys, Asda, Morrisons and others was always a big challenge which Tesco accepted and emerged as the leading retail chain in the UK Market. Tesco has the objective of being the world leader in super market through products and services which will cost lesser than the other rival brands. The company has chosen the price strategy like Penetration Pricing, Competition Pricing and Product Line Pricing (Eggert et al. 2015). 6. Place There are 7,599 Tesco stores including the franchises located all across the globe. It operates across 12 countries in Asia, Europe and the USA. It has its manufacturing units, sales outlets and offices across all these countries (Walker et al. 2013).The headquarters is in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire in England. The company is marketing its products through the retail chains present in almost all the leading countries of the world. They provide the goods and services to the customers directly. 7. Promotion Tesco uses a number of strategies to promote its products and services all across the globe. These are as follows: Email Messages Text messages Media campaigns like TV commercials Interactive websites Clubcards for loyalty customers Mobile applications where the customers can order their products through their mobile handsets. The Marketing Mix of Tesco Plc is illustrated below: Fig 5. Marketing Mix of Tesco Plc. (Source: Walker, 2013, pp-290) 8. Conclusion At the end of the assignment it is to be seen that Tesco has designed a very competitive marketing and growth strategy to promote its products in domestic as well as in the international market. It has continuously faced stiff competition from the rivals like Sainsburys, Morrisons, Asda and others yet it has maintained its operations in line with the Corporate Social Responsibility norms. It has procured and manufactured ethical goods and services for the consumers. Now, the company is willing to increase its market abroad and as a result of this it is following some strict and transparent marketing plans which will ensure success in the long run. The corporate strategy and planning of Tesco is the benchmark which any multinational organization should design in order to taste success in domestic and international market. 9. Recommendations In order to succeed more in the UK market, Tesco should maintain the current pricing strategy of keeping the prices of the products at a little cheaper rate compared to the other rivals. Tesco should understand the price sensitive market in the UK. If the products are too highly priced, then the customers will not go for it and may visit the rivals like Sainsburys, Morrisons, Asda and others (Yavuz et al. 2014). It should also come up with innovations in product development. It has already started to manufacture products of its own like smart phones and tablets. This creativity and innovation will help it to gain more popularity in the domestic and international markets. Tesco should open more number of retail stores and outlets so that more customers can have access to their products. This will increase their revenue also. A very well thought out advertising plan is required to gain attention of the customers. Catchy hoardings, media advertising in newspapers, attractive website for the company with details, sms services, email services and various types of loyalty programs like the Clubcards concept can be developed in order to attract and retain the customers. 10. Reference list References Arslan, A. and Wang, Y. (2014). Acquisition Entry Strategy of Nordic Multinational Enterprises in China: An Analysis of Key Determinants. Journal of Global Marketing, 28(1), pp.32-51. Banerjee, S. and Soberman, D. (2013). Product development capability and marketing strategy for new durable products. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(3), pp.276-291. Barei, F. and Le Pen, C. (2014). Refocusing on RD model or redefining marketing strategy? Anticipating sustainability for generic pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Medical Marketing: Device, Diagnostic and Pharmaceutical Marketing. Bokek-Cohen, Y. (2014). Becoming familiar with eternal anonymity: how sperm banks use relationship marketing strategy. Consumption Markets Culture, 18(2), pp.155-177. Filipovic, J. (2013). The review of the marketing appeals and their role in the strategy of development of the successful marketing communication. Marketing, 44(4), pp.354-360. Jensen, D. (2013). Your Personal Marketing Plan. Science. Jensen, D. (2013). Your Personal Marketing Plan. Science. Jung, S. (2014). Environmental Analysis and Marketing Strategy of Korea e-book Industry. JMT, 01(03), pp.68-76. Kalenskaya, N. (2015). Marketing Strategy of Higher Education Institutions. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Kashif, M., Sarifuddin, S. and Hassan, A. (2015). Charity donation: intentions and behaviour. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 33(1), pp.90-102. Kursunluoglu, E. (2014). Shopping centre customer service: creating customer satisfaction and loyalty. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 32(4), pp.528-548. Li, Z. (2013). E-Retailer's Technology Strategy for Implementing Online Marketing. AMM, 427-429, pp.2716-2719. Lim, M., Machado, J. and Iglesias, O. (2015). Brand, identity and corporate reputation. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 33(2). Mai, L. (2014). Consumers' willingness to pay for ethical attributes. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 32(6), pp.706-721. Malachovsk, A. and Kirov, A. (2015). Invigorating the Destination's Marketing Strategy? (The Case of Slovakia). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175, pp.393-400. Meershoek, A. and Horstman, K. (2015). Creating a market in workplace health promotion: the performative role of public health sciences and technologies. Critical Public Health, pp.1-12. Moiseieva, M. (2013). Mini Cooper: Marketing Strategy, Digital Marketing, Brand Ethics. CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study, 2013(1). Pagla, M. and Brennan, R. (2014). The development of brand attitudes among young consumers. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 32(6), pp.687-705. Park, J. (2014). The Differences between Product and Process Innovation and Implications for Marketing Strategy. JMT, 01(03), pp.32-39. Phillips, D. and Hallman, W. (2013). Consumer Risk Perceptions and Marketing Strategy: The Case of Genetically Modified Food. Psychology Marketing, 30(9), pp.739-748. Puka, A. (2013). Konkurentne Marketing Strategije // Competitive Marketing Strategy.  Ã‚ Ã‚     , 1(8). Ramaseshan, B., Ishak, A. and Rabbanee, F. (2013). The role of marketing managers' commitment and involvement in marketing strategy implementation. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(6), pp.465-483. Reed FIDM, D. (2014). SOSTAC: The guide to the perfect digital marketing plan. J Direct Data Digit Mark Pract, 16(2), pp.146-147. Sigala, M. (2014). Evaluating the performance of destination marketing systems (DMS): stakeholder perspective. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 32(2), pp.208-231. Smith, R. (2013). New Opportunities for a Professional Services Firm: Building a Brand and Developing a Marketing Strategy. Marketing Education Review, 23(3), pp.281-286. Soni, P. and Vohra, J. (2014). Targeting the young food consumer. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 32(5), pp.630-645. Sudbury-Riley, L. (2014). Unwrapping senior consumers packaging experiences. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 32(6), pp.666-686. Terho, H., Eggert, A., Haas, A. and Ulaga, W. (2015). How sales strategy translates into performance: The role of salesperson customer orientation and value-based selling. Industrial Marketing Management. Walker, K., Curren, M. and Kiesler, T. (2013). A Retail Center Facing Change: Using Data to Determine Marketing Strategy. Marketing Education Review, 23(3), pp.287-296. Yavuz, R. and Toker, A. (2014). Location sharing on social networks: implications for marketing. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 32(5), pp.567-585.

Value of Interactive Games in Science Education

Questions: 1. Summary: What are the points of the article? What are the main arguments proposed by the author? What are the topics covered? 2. Evaluation: What are the strengths and/or weaknesses of the article? Is the information reliable? Is the article biased or objective? 3. Reflection: How does the article illuminate the topic? Answers: 1. Summary The article presents an overview of the impact of video game on the scientific literacy of the students. There are various evidences which suggest that video games have the potential to promote the critical attributes that are associated with the scientific literacy of the students. There a mixed reviews regarding this aspect. Video games can be perceived as valuable tools for education but it has been also seen that efficiency in playing videos games does not cause any structural development of the individual. 2. Evaluation Video games have positive and negative effect on the mindset of the students.There are some video games that are educational in nature but they lack the clear objectives of learning and outcome from the learning are not clear. Thus it is very difficult to judge that whether the video games possess the potential to increase the efficiency of the learner so that they can integrate themselves in instructional environments. However, video games have positive impact on the learners (Jaipal Figg, 2009). They create a unique-in game identity. The learner is able to personalize the various aspects of the video games. This helps the learner in develop their ability to identify objects and create an imagination. There are some video games that allow highest level of autonomy tend to imbibe certain cultural norms within the students. The characters depicted in the video games help the low achieving students to disassociate themselves from their derogatory perception about their physical attrib utes. They build a separate mindset for themselves which tends to make them happy (Compton-Lilly, 2007). It is seen that the Hispanic students spend more time in video games than the white population. Students prefer to learn from video games rather than from text books and other traditional ways of learning. The learning process is more creative. The students are able to visualize the learning. But there are various negative aspects of learning via video games. It has adverse effects on shaping the character of the individual. It creates the barrier in the mind of the students. It has hard to bridge the gap created between the real world and the world of videogames (De Gloria, 2014). 3. Reflection The article reflects the positive and negative aspect of video games. The students are able to visualize the subjects shown to them via video game. But the students get involved in the video games that they separate themselves from the rest of the world. This disassociates them from the aspects of real life. References Compton-Lilly, C. (2007). What Can Video Games Teach Us About Teaching Reading?.The Reading Teacher,60(8), 718-727. doi:10.1598/rt.60.8.2 De Gloria, A. (2014).Games and Learning Alliance. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Jaipal, K., Figg, C. (2009). Using Video Games in Science Instruction: Pedagogical, Social, and Concept-Related Aspects.Can. J. Of Sc., Math Tech. Educ.,9(2), 117-134. doi:10.1080/14926150903047780 Marino, M., Israel, M., Beecher, C., Basham, J. (2012). Students and Teachers Perceptions of Using Video Games to Enhance Science Instruction.Journal Of Science Education And Technology,22(5), 667-680. doi:10.1007/s10956-012-9421-9